A comprehensive overview of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology

The concept of radioguided surgery, which was first developed some 60 years ago, involves the use of a radiation detection probe system for the intraoperative detection of radionuclides. The use of gamma detection probe technology in radioguided surgery has tremendously expanded and has evolved into what is now considered an established discipline within the practice of surgery, revolutionizing the surgical management of many malignancies, including breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer, as well as the surgical management of parathyroid disease. The impact of radioguided surgery on the surgical management of cancer patients includes providing vital and real-time information to the surgeon regarding the location and extent of disease, as well as regarding the assessment of surgical resection margins. Additionally, it has allowed the surgeon to minimize the surgical invasiveness of many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, while still maintaining maximum benefit to the cancer patient. In the current review, we have attempted to comprehensively evaluate the history, technical aspects, and clinical applications of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology

Treatment of pediatric parapneumonic empyemas with pulmonary cavitary lesions

Background: This study aims to evaluate the treatment approach and timing of surgical intervention in pediatric parapneumonic empyema cases with cavitary lesions. Methods: Between January 1990 and December 2006, 38 patients (21 boys, 17 girls; mean age 4.1+2 years; range 1 to 15 years) from the pediatric age group treated for parapneumonic empyema with cavitary lung lesions at the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Department of Thoracic Surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic characteristics, symptom duration, radiological examinations, treatment methods, and time to recovery of cavitary lesions during the hospitalization and follow-up were evaluated. Results: A total of 13 patients (34%) were given medical treatment, while 25 (66%) underwent surgical treatment. The medical treatment group had a statistically significantly shorter inpatient duration than the surgical treatment group (p=0.010). Analysis of the postoperative inpatient duration revealed that the surgically treated patients stayed statistically significantly shorter in the hospital than the medical treatment group (p<0.001). A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) was found in eight (21%) patients and all were in the surgical treatment group. The mean time to recovery of cavitary lesions during follow-up was 48.7±8 days (range, 22-106 days). Conclusion: Treatment of parapneumonic pediatric empyema cases with cavitary lesions should include controlling the pleural process with standard empyema treatment, considering pneumonia treatment as an integral part of the disorder, performing surgical treatment if a bronchopleural fistula is present or otherwise waiting patiently for the cavitary lesions to regress and postponing open surgical treatment until the recovery period is completed

How does the type of thoracotomy affect the patient quality of life? A short form-36 health survey study

PubMedID: 23584276Purpose: We evaluated whether the quality of life was affected in patients who had undergone various types of thoracotomy using the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Methods: The patients who had undergone thoracotomy for diagnosis or treatment between January and September 2011 in the Thoracic Surgery Department were investigated to determine the effect of the type of thoracotomy on the quality of life using the Short Form-36 Health Survey. The patients were classified into three groups. In Group I, the latissimus dorsi and the serratus anterior had both been preserved, and there was no muscle dissection, in Group II the latissimus dorsi muscle had been dissected and only the serratus anterior muscle has been preserved, and in Group III both muscles had been dissected, and the standard posterolateral muscle dissection had been performed. Results: A total of 101 patients comprising 64 males (63.37 %) and 37 females (36.63 %), with a median age of 38 years, were included in this study. There were significant differences in all quality of life subscales between Groups I and III and between Groups II and III. The patients in Group I had the highest scores, while the patients in Group III had the lowest scores. There were no significant differences in five of the eight Short Form-36 subscales and one of the two summary scores values between Group I and Group II in females. Conclusions: We investigated the effect of the type of thoracotomy on the patient quality of life using the Short Form-36 Health Survey, and found that the standard posterolateral thoracotomy had a marked adverse effect on the quality of life compared to muscle-sparing thoracotomy. We also found that it is possible to use thoracotomy with serratus preservation rather than muscle-sparing thoracotomy in cases with benign diseases where a large field of view is required, such as for decortication and pulmonary hydatid cysts, without any significant decrease in the quality of life, especially in females. © 2013 Springer Japan

Comparison Of The Cytotoxic Effects And Smear Layer Removing Capacity Of Oxidative Potential Water, Naocl And Edta.

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Identification of bacterial species in milk by MALDI-TOF and assessment of some oxidant-antioxidant parameters in blood and milk from cows with different health status of the udder

This study aimed to identify bacterial pathogens in milk samples from dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis as well as to assess the concentrations of oxidant-antioxidant parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total GSH levels] in both blood and milk samples. From a total of 200 dairy cows in 8 farms, 800 quarter milk samples obtained from each udder were tested in the laboratory for the presence of udder pathogens. Cultivated bacteria causing intramammary infection from milk samples were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). In addition, from tested animals 60 cows were selected includıng 20 healthy cows that were CMT negative, 20 cows with subclinical mastitis (SM), and 20 cows with clinical mastitis (CM) for detection of MDA, GSH, and total GSH levels in blood and milk samples. Three hundred and eighty (47.5%; 380/800), 300 (37.5%; 300/800), and 120 (15%; 120/800) of milk samples, respectively were CMT positive or SM and CM, and those positives were cows from different farms. We observed that 87.4% (332/380), 25.3% (76/300), and 34.2% (41/120) of cows with CMT positive, CMT negative, and CM had bacterial growth. The most predominantly identified bacteria were Staphylococcus chromogenes (18.7%) obtained mainly from SM and Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) as the most frequent cause of CM. According to our results, dairy cows with CM had the highest MDA levels, the lowest GSH, and total GSH levels in both blood and milk samples however, high MDA levels and low GSH levels in milk samples with SM were observed. Based on our results, lipid oxidant MDA and antioxidant GSH could be excellent biomarkers of cow’s milk for developing inflammation of the mammary gland. In addition, there was no link between nutrition and MDA and GSH levels

Epigenetic Factors Controlling the BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes in Sporadic Ovarian Cancer

ABSTRACT Hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter has previously been shown to cause reduced mRNA expression in both breast and ovarian cancers. Nothing is yet known of the expression pattern or methylation status of the promoter region of BRCA2 in sporadic ovarian cancer. Whereas our analysis of 30 sporadic ovarian carcinomas showed a statistically significant reduction of BRCA1 mRNA expression (P ‫؍‬ 0.001), it also showed, in contrast, overexpression of BRCA2 mRNA (P ‫؍‬ 0.002) in tumor compared with nontumor. Hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter highly correlated with decreased BRCA1 expression (P ‫؍‬ 0.017). Methylated CpGs at the BRCA2 promoter were either absent or at very low levels in tumor DNA, whereas they were present at high levels in nontumor DNA. Such hypomethylation also correlated with elevated levels of BRCA2 mRNA (P ‫؍‬ 0.043) and showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor stage (P ‫؍‬ 0.037). This supports the role of methylation in BRCA2 contributing to the pathogenesis of sporadic ovarian cancer. Furthermore, 14 (58.2%) and 9 (56.3%) of all of the cases with aberrant BRCA mRNA expression and methylation patterns, respectively, demonstrated opposing mRNA expression and methylation patterns of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes within the same cases. Our findings suggest that both genes may be involved in the development of sporadic ovarian cancer