EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIHELMINTIC PROPERTIES OF THE EXTRACT OF RUSSELIA EQUISETIFORMIS (SCHLECHT. AND CHAM.) SCROPHULARIACEAE

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Russelia equisetiformis leaves in comparison with anthelmintic drug Piperazine citrate.Methods: In vitro Anthelmintic activity of different solvent extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) of Russelia equisetiformis were carried out on mature Pheretima posthuma.Results: The results of the study revealed that all the solvent extracts produced a significant anthelmintic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol extract offered a good anthelmintic activity at 15 mg/ml concentration, where the time of paralysis was 15 and death was observed at 27 min, followed by ethyl acetate extract. The negative control DMF did not show any activity and positive control standard piperazine citrate recorded death at 13 min and paralysis at 10 min.Conclusion: Despite ample evidence of anthelmintic properties of R. equisetiformis through validated experimental data, further studies on Russelia equisetiformis is required to recognize the active principle responsible for the anthelmintic activity.Â

COVID-19: AN UPDATE ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATUS OF SOUTH INDIA

Global emergency due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and associated COVID-19 necessitates an engaged, integrated, interdisciplinary, and rapid response from the scientific community. India has had 4·4 million cases of COVID-19, the second most in the world after the USA, with 75,062 officially confirmed deaths from the disease as of Sept 10, 2020. Total of 27,688,740 confirmed cases and 8, 99,315 death cases were reported as per WHO on Sept 10, 2020 at 10.28 AM, CEST. The United States of America, India, Brazil and Russia recorded the highest cases in the world. We describe here, the outbreak of COVID-19 among the five major South Indian states and the data were collected from various Government authorised websites and the same were comparatively studied among five different states from March to July 15, 2020. In south India, Tamil Nadu reports the highest cases when compared to other states and the least cases were found to be among the state of Kerala as per the study period

Implementation of Efficient Cooperative Message Authentication for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network(VANET) is a potential area in research field to bestow Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services to the end users. It is a exigent topic for its high mobility and frequent network distraction. Lately researchers are carrying out task on many specific issues related to VANET like routing, broadcasting, Quality of Service (QoS), security, architectures, applications, protocols, etc. The augment in vehicles in today’s life has lead to brutal road accidents and traffic jam in urban areas. One of the solution to this problem could be a means of communication between the vehicles for safety. Safety measures lack these days in VANET as malicious drivers in the network disrupt the system routine. In this paper , a new location Based Secure Routing Protocol( PBSRP) which is a hybrid of Most Forward within Radius and Border Node based Most Forward within Radius (B-MFR) routing protocols. A module for security is implemented in this protocol using station to station key agreement protocol for preventing system from several attacks. The module goes through three phases: initialization phase, optimal node selection phase and secure data delivery phase. The outcome of Simulation imparts that PBSRP has better performance than MFR in terms of end to end delay and packet delivery ratio when malicious drivers are included in the network

Adrenal cyst – a case report

Adrenal cysts are classified as true cysts and pseudocysts. They are asymptomatic and an incidental finding in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. True cysts have a definite lining, whereas pseudocysts lack a lining. Pseudocysts can be either hemorrhagic, parasitic or cystic degeneration of a malignant primary or metastatic tumor. We report a case of adrenal pseudocyst in a 5 year old child

Modified Tumour Cut Algorithms For MRI Image Segmentation of Brain Tumours

Abstract-The brain tumour segmentation methods rely on the intensity enhancement. Among them, a clustering method have been investigated and used. In this paper, CA (Cellular Automata) based seeded tumour segmentation algorithm is proposed. Which determine the Volume of Interest (VOI) and seed selection. First, establish the connection of the CA-based segmentation to the graph-cut method to show that the iterative CA framework solves the shortest path problem. This paper describe segmentation method consist of two phases. In the first phase, the MR Image is acquired from patient database and contrast enhancing the image. In the second phase, the CA algorithm run twice for background seed (healthy cell) and foreground seed (tumour cell) for probability calculation. Furthermore, apply Graph-Cut (GC) method to differentiate necrotic and enhancing tumour tissue content, which gains importance for a detailed assessment of radiation therapy response

28-day repeated dose oral toxicity of a herbal mixture dia-2, containing standardized extracts of allium sativum and lagerstroemia speciosa in sprague dawley rats.

Allium sativum [ASE] and Lagerstroemia speciosa [LSE] are widely used in folk medicine as a medication for diabetes. DIA-2 is a polyherbal antidiabetic formulation containing fixed combination [1:1 w/w] of standardized aqueous extracts of Allium sativum bulbs containing 1.1 % alliin w/w and 40 % hydroalcholic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves containing 1.28% w/w corosolic acid. Earlier studies in our laboratories have demonstrated the oral safety of DIA-2 on acute oral exposure to female Sprague Dawley [SD] rats and the antidiabetic activity of DIA-2 in high-fat diet fed/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The ingredients of DIA-2 have long history safety but however, there is little toxicological information regarding the oral safety on repeated exposure of ASE and LSE when given as a combined mixture. The present study evaluated the repeated oral toxicity of DIA-2 in both the sexes of SD rats.  Rats were treated orally once with 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg body weight, and animals were observed till the 28 days of study. On repeated oral administration, DIA-2 showed did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, significant change in food, water consumption, body weight, mortality, clinical chemistry, hematology, organ weight, gross pathology and histopathology when varying doses of the DIA-2 were administered orally once daily for a period of 28 days. The NOAEL [No Observed Adverse Effect Level] of DIA-2 in this study was identified to be greater than 250 mg/kg/day. The results from the study suggest that there are no toxicologically significant effects on 28 day repeated oral administration of DIA-2 and the data also provide satisfactory preclinical evidence on its oral safety to support its use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms in SMP: A Case Study of Twitter

The number of people using Social Media Platform (SMP) is increasing day by day. A few users may hide their identity with malicious intentions. Previous research has detected fake accounts created by bots using machine learning concepts. These ML concepts used engineered features such as the ‘following-to-followers ratio’ which is generally available in their accounts. In previous studies these similarly clustered features were applied to the machine learning models for detection of fake and real accounts. In the recent research the behavioural features like the sentient of the tweet posted on twitter is considered along with the parameters. Here, the ML models are also trained to use engineered features depending on behavioural data

Group A streptococcus induces CD1a-autoreactive T cells and promotes psoriatic inflammation

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection is associated with multiple clinical sequelae, including different subtypes of psoriasis. Such post-streptococcal disorders have been long known but are largely unexplained. CD1a is expressed at constitutively high levels by Langerhans cells and presents lipid antigens to T cells, but the potential relevance to GAS infection has not been studied. Here, we investigated whether GAS-responsive CD1a-restricted T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Healthy individuals had high frequencies of circulating and cutaneous GAS-responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with rapid effector functions, including the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22). Human skin and blood single-cell CITE-seq analyses of IL-22-producing T cells showed a type 17 signature with proliferative potential, whereas IFN-γ-producing T cells displayed cytotoxic T lymphocyte characteristics. Furthermore, individuals with psoriasis had significantly higher frequencies of circulating GAS-reactive T cells, enriched for markers of activation, cytolytic potential, and tissue association. In addition to responding to GAS, subsets of expanded GAS-reactive T cell clones/lines were found to be autoreactive, which included the recognition of the self-lipid antigen lysophosphatidylcholine. CD8+ T cell clones/lines produced cytolytic mediators and lysed infected CD1a-expressing cells. Furthermore, we established cutaneous models of GAS infection in a humanized CD1a transgenic mouse model and identified enhanced and prolonged local and systemic inflammation, with resolution through a psoriasis-like phenotype. Together, these findings link GAS infection to the CD1a pathway and show that GAS infection promotes the proliferation and activation of CD1a-autoreactive T cells, with relevance to post-streptococcal disease, including the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis