A study of maternal and fetal outcome in cardiac disease in pregnancy at tertiary care center

Background: Cardiac disease complicating pregnancy is an indirect cause of maternal mortality. The incidence of cardiac disease during pregnancy has remained stable for many years even with significant decrease in the occurrence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) as this decrease is being compensated by significant increase of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore, in this study we aim to analyse the incidence of cardiac disease in pregnancy and to assess the obstetrical outcome.Methods: A retrospective study carried out in 32 women with cardiac disorders at a tertiary care centre during the period of 5 years.Results: In the present study the incidence of cardiac disease in pregnancy was observed to be 0.21%. With 62.6% rheumatic, 21.8% congenital being and 15.6% peripartum cardiomyopathy. Among rheumatic valvular heart disease, mitral valve stenosis was most common followed by mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation. Non-cardiac complications like pre-eclampsia and anaemia were also noted. No of vaginal delivery were higher compared to caesarean (26 versus 6). Adverse perinatal outcomes in form of preterm, NICU admission and perinatal death were also noted.Conclusions: A cardiac disease has a major impact on pregnancy. It is a multidisciplinary teamwork to have optimal maternal and foetal outcome in women with cardiac disease. Hence, constant vigilance is required throughout antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum period to avoid adverse outcomes

Cadaveric study of accessory renal arteries and its surgical correlation

A thorough knowledge of the accessory renal arteries has grown in importance with the increasing number of renal transplants and other uroradiological procedures. The literature indicates that multiple renal arteries are found in 9-75% cases. Normal anatomy describes each kidney receives irrigation from single renal artery which arises from abdominal aorta at the level L1-L2 vertebrae just below the superior mesenteric artery. Renal artery variations include their origin, number and course. The most common is the presence of additional vessels (accessory arteries) arising above the usual trunk is more frequent than one arising below. The accessory renal arteries are always end arteries. The kidneys may receive a single artery although each organ may equally be supplied by as many as six end arteries. The right and left renal arteries may arise from the aorta by a common stem or arise at lower point than usual in which case the kidneys lie below their usual position. There may be several renal arteries on each side or the renal artery may divide close to its origin into several branches. Current literature reports great variability in renal blood supply, the number of renal arteries mentioned being the most frequently found variation. Normal renal arterial information is useful not only for planning and performing of endovascular, laparoscopic uroradiological procedures and renal transplants. In order to facilitate the clinical approaches, we studied renal arterial pattern in 25 formalin fixed cadavers, on 50 kidneys during the period of one year. The purpose of this present study was to establish the incidence of accessory (aberrant) renal arteries in human cadavers and also discuss its surgical correlation during uroradiological procedures and angiographic interventions.

Neonatal sepsis and associated maternal risk factors: A clinical case- control study

Background: Neonatal sepsis is usually diagnosed with pathogen/bacterial isolation from the bloodstream or symptoms of infection seen in infection of 28 days or younger.  Neonatal sepsis includes various diseases with varying mortality rates of 11-40% contributing to nearly 3.1 deaths globally in new-borns every year. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with low-birth-weight babies in an Indian setup. Methods: The present study screened 502 subjects and 202 were found to have confirmed diagnosis of neonatal sepsis as assessed by the Pediatrician depending on the signs and symptoms of the sepsis. Results: Premature membrane rupture was seen in 7.89% (n=3) subjects of late-onset sepsis and 20.12% (n=33) subjects with early-onset sepsis. Multipara was seen in 13.15% (n=5) and 11.58% (n=19) subjects with late and early-onset sepsis, meconium-stained amniotic fluid was the risk factor in 5.26% (n=2) and 13.41% (n=22) subjects with late and early-onset sepsis, maternal UTI was seen in 2.63% (n=1) and 15.24% (n=25) study subjects with late and early onset sepsis, and foul-smelling liquor was the risk factor in 2.63% (n=1) and 64.63% (n=106) study subjects with late and early onset sepsis respectively.&nbsp

Buccolingual dimension of teeth: A sensitive odontometric parameter in gender differentiation

Introduction: Determination of sex is important in identification of unknown person. Teeth are a potential source for sex determination due to unique odontologic characteristics. Objectives: To determine the sex of individuals using buccolingual dimensions of permanent teeth except third molars. This study involved 100 native residents of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra in the age group of 18–40 years. Materials and Methods: The buccolingual (B-L) dimensional measurements of 28 teeth, except third molars, of 50 males and 50 females aged 18–40 years were measured on the study casts using vernier calipers with a resolution of 0.01 mm, and analyzed using discriminant function analysis. Results: Males showed greater B-L dimensions of teeth in comparison to females exhibiting statistically significant dimorphism. However, discriminant function analysis derived accuracy of determination of sex using 26 was 69% and 43 was 66.0%. On the whole, the percentage of overall accuracy was 68%. Conclusion: Application of B-L dimensional variability among males and females in the population of Ahmednagar can aid in forensic sex determination, as this study showed, that can be taken into account for sex determination in combination with skeletal traits and/or other odontometric measurements such as mesiodistal diameters

<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-GB">Synthesis, characterisation and anthelmintic activity of 3-(4-acetyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)- 2<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">H</i>-chromen-2-one derivatives</span>

422-427<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US">Convectional synthesis of several coumarin-oxadiazole derivatives from starting compounds 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde and diethylmalonate has been accomplished. Successful synthesis of the derivatives has been confirmed by spectral studies i.e. UV, IR, MS and 1H NMR. All successfully synthesized compounds have been screened for in vitro anthelmintic activity by taking adult Indian earthworms Pheretima posthuma. Among all the derivatives 4-chloro derivatives have shown maximum activity when compared with the standard. </span

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020–January 2021

Background: Earlier serosurveys in India revealed seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) of 0.73% in May–June 2020 and 7.1% in August–September 2020. A third serosurvey was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in India. Methods: The third serosurvey was conducted in the same 70 districts as the first and second serosurveys. For each district, at least 400 individuals aged ≥10 years from the general population and 100 HCWs from subdistrict-level health facilities were enrolled. Serum samples from the general population were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S1-RBD) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, whereas serum samples from HCWs were tested for anti-S1-RBD. Weighted seroprevalence adjusted for assay characteristics was estimated. Results: Of the 28,598 serum samples from the general population, 4585 (16%) had IgG antibodies against the N protein, 6647 (23.2%) had IgG antibodies against the S1-RBD protein, and 7436 (26%) had IgG antibodies against either the N protein or the S1-RBD protein. Weighted and assay-characteristic-adjusted seroprevalence against either of the antibodies was 24.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.0–25.3%]. Among 7385 HCWs, the seroprevalence of anti-S1-RBD IgG antibodies was 25.6% (95% CI 23.5–27.8%). Conclusions: Nearly one in four individuals aged ≥10 years from the general population as well as HCWs in India had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by December 2020