REVIEW ON SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF A COSMETIC PRODUCT

Cosmetics can be defined as, substances which are intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions†according to USFDA. This review encompasses a brief description of the process of safety assessment of a cosmetic product. There is no significant systemic absorption of cosmetics by penetration through skin, but some products are intended to apply on the mucous membranes or skin surrounding the mucous membranes which may result in significant systemic absorption on continuous use. Serious health hazards have not been observed mostly, but in some cases, lead to severe reactions like, allergy, irritation, comedogenicity, genotoxicity, photosensitivity etc. At the same time, long terms effects of usage of cosmetics are still unknown as the products are used repeatedly over a long period of time. Hence, safety evaluation of a cosmetic product is the most prominent step before release of the product into the market. There are no specific safety regulations for cosmetics, but the safety of the product is the responsibility of the manufacturer. The article explains about different organizations that are responsible for the safety of the cosmetic products before they are released into the market in different countries and also about the Product Information File (PIF). The safety of a cosmetic product both at industrial level and finished product level are explained. The different tests deployed for the safety assessment of a cosmetic product are also explained

Anthelmintic activity of extracts of coriandrum sativum linn. In indian earthworm

Coriandrum sativum Linn. (CSL) is popularly known as coriander in India belongs to family Apiaceae. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic potency of the ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. plant using Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthumad). The various concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml) of the ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride extract were tested in-vitro for anthelmintic potency by determination of time of paralysis and time of death of worm. Piperazine citrate (15mg/ml) used as standard. The result of present study indicates that the Coriandrum sativum Linn. potentiate to paralyze earthworm and also caused its death after some time. The shortest time of paralysis was observed at higher dose (150 mg/ml) of both ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride were found to 28 min and 45 min respectively. The results of the study are comparable to standard Piperazine citrate. The result showed that ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. took less time to cause paralysis of the earthworm than that of carbon tetrachloride extract Coriandrum sativum Linn.. Thus the present study demonstrate that the Coriandrum sativum Linn. as an anthelmintic has been confirm as the ethanolic and carbon tetrachloride extracts of whole plant displayed activity against the earthworm used in study. Key word: CSL, Paralysis, death of earthworm

Spatiotemporal rheochaos in nematic hydrodynamics

Motivated by the observation of rheochaos in sheared wormlike micelles [Bandyopadhyay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, 84 2022, (2000); Europhys. Lett. 56, 447 (2001); Pramana 53, 223 (1999)] we study the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for the hydrodynamic velocity and order parameter fields in a sheared nematogenic fluid. In a suitable parameter range, we find irregular, dynamic shear-banding and establish by decisive numerical tests that the chaos we observe in the model is spatiotemporal in nature.Comment: Slight changes in text, references and Fig. 5 inset; 6 eps figures (figs 2,3,4 at lower resolution to reduce file size; full files available on request); accepted for publication in Phys Rev Let

DETERMINATION OF OCTANOL-WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT OF NOVEL COUMARIN BASED ANTICANCER COMPOUNDS BY REVERSED-PHASE ULTRA-FAST LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: The present study aims at the development of a reversed phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) method for measurement of the lipophilicity (log P) between n-octanol and water for the newly synthesized coumarin derivatives in our laboratory.Methods: The synthesized compounds were dissolved in methanol and analyzed using XTerra RP18 column as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol (0.25% v/v octanol) and buffer as the mobile phase with isocratic elution.Results: In this study we concentrated on the relationship between a reversed-phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) retention parameters and log P of our synthesized compounds. Furthermore, a good correlation and very close values were obtained between the experimentally determined log P values and values obtained from Chemdraw.Conclusion: The developed method was found to be insensitive to any of the impurities present and moreover it requires very little sample for analysis

VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING ULTRA-FAST LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ATENOLOL and NIFEDIPINE IN BOTH BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: The study depicts improvement of ensuing validation of a stability indicating technique for the simultaneous estimation of Atenolol and Nifedipine using Ultra-fast liquid chromatographic method (UFLC).Methods: The analysis is performed on Phenomenex Kinetex C18, (150 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) column using methanol and 0.1%ortho-phosphoric acids (75:25 v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min. The eluents were checked with PDA detector at 237 nm.Results: In this optimized conditions Atenolol and Nifedipine elutes at a retention time of 2.79 and 4.50 min respectively individually the considered optimized condition is having linearity in the range from 10 to 50µg/ml of Atenolol and 4-20µg/ml of Nifedipine. The method was validated by following the ICH guidelines and their combination drug yield was exposed to acid and base stress, thermal stress, photolytic stress, hydrolytic stress, and oxidative stress conditions. All samples were studied by the given optimized method. In this Calibration curves were linear over studies ranges with correlation coefficient found between the ranges of 0.99 to 1.00.Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, and specific and suitable for determination of both the drugs

Comparative study of titanium elastic nailing versus hip spica in treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children

Background: There is no consensus on treatment of closed femoral-shaft fractures in children. We compared hip spica cast with titanium elastic nailing (TEN) in the treatment of femoral-shaft fractures in children.Methods: Study was conducted at SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan). Out of 90 Patients of diaphyseal fracture femur, 45were treated conservatively by spica cast and 45 were treated with TEN. Follow up done regularly up to twelve months of injury with taking into account, various parameters.Results: All diaphyseal fractures of femur healed, whether treated conservatively by spica cast or treated operatively with TEN. The time of union and weight bearing was less in operative group as comparative to spica cast group. Ten patients (22.22%) in spica group compared to three patients (6.66%) in operative group had malunion and two patients (4.4%) in spica group compared none in operative group had delayed union.Conclusions: Results of TEN turned out to be far superior to traction and spica cast treatment in paediatric femoral fractures. Rate of complications was far low with operative than conservative Treatment

The Association of Cerebral Palsy with Other Disability in Children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke

The association of cerebral palsy with other disabilities in children with perinatal stroke has not been well-studied. We examined this association in 111 children with perinatal stroke: 67 with neonatal presentation, and 44 with delayed presentation. Seventy-six children (68%) had cerebral palsy, which was hemiplegic in 66 and tri- or quadriplegic in 10. Fifty-five (72%) children with cerebral palsy had at least one other disability: 45 (59%) had a cognitive/speech impairment (moderate-severe in 20), and 36 (47%) had epilepsy (moderate-severe in 11). In children with neonatal presentation, cerebral palsy was associated with epilepsy (P = 0.0076) and cognitive impairment (P = 0.0001). These associations could not be tested in children with delayed presentation because almost all children in this group had cerebral palsy. In another analysis with multivariate logistic regression for children with cerebral palsy, children who had both neonatal presentation and history of cesarean-section delivery were more likely to have epilepsy (P = 0.001). Children with cerebral palsy after perinatal stroke who had neonatal presentation were more likely to have severe cognitive impairment (odds ratio, 7.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.80-47.32) or severe epilepsy (odds ratio, 6.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-69.21) than children with delayed presentation. Children with cerebral palsy after perinatal stroke are likely to have an additional disability; those with neonatal presentation are more likely to have a severe disability

Extended Self-similarity in Kinetic Surface Roughening

We show from numerical simulations that a limited mobility solid-on-solid model of kinetically rough surface growth exhibits extended self-similarity analogous to that found in fluid turbulence. The range over which scale-independent power-law behavior is observed is significantly enhanced if two correlation functions of different order, such as those representing two different moments of the difference in height between two points, are plotted against each other. This behavior, found in both one and two dimensions, suggests that the `relative' exponents may be more fundamental than the `absolute' ones.Comment: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures included (some changes made according to referees' comments. accepted for publication in PRE Rapid Communication

SEROPREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) IN NORTH EASTERN (NE) STATES OF INDIA

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease caused by BoHV-1 and belongs to the Herpesviridae family. IBR is endemic in India including north eastern states of the country. Hence the study was undertaken to understand the seroprevalence of IBR in north eastern parts of the country. A total of 3125 cattle (Holstein Friesian crossbred) serum samples from 35 districts of five north eastern states (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Sikkim) of India were screened for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antibodies using Avidin biotin ELISA.  A two-stage random sampling methodology was followed for the collection of samples. Results from the present study revealed that the overall seropositivity was reported around 29.50% while the highest and lowest seropositivity of 43.39% and 16.66% were reported in the states of Sikkim and Assam respectively, followed by Mizoram (42.16%), Manipur (29.86%) and Meghalaya (27.40%). Cattle of higher age groups showed the highest seropositivity compared to younger ones. A higher percent of IBR antibodies in cattle of NE states is a cause of concern and a detailed study on IBR prevalence comprising of a large number of the bovine population need to be undertaken