Coriandrum sativum Linn. (CSL) is popularly known as coriander in India belongs to family Apiaceae. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic potency of the ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. plant using Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthumad). The various concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml) of the ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride extract were tested in-vitro for anthelmintic potency by determination of time of paralysis and time of death of worm. Piperazine citrate (15mg/ml) used as standard. The result of present study indicates that the Coriandrum sativum Linn. potentiate to paralyze earthworm and also caused its death after some time. The shortest time of paralysis was observed at higher dose (150 mg/ml) of both ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride were found to 28 min and 45 min respectively. The results of the study are comparable to standard Piperazine citrate. The result showed that ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. took less time to cause paralysis of the earthworm than that of carbon tetrachloride extract Coriandrum sativum Linn.. Thus the present study demonstrate that the Coriandrum sativum Linn. as an anthelmintic has been confirm as the ethanolic and carbon tetrachloride extracts of whole plant displayed activity against the earthworm used in study.  Key word: CSL, Paralysis, death of earthworm

Chandan, H. S.

Sakarkar, D. M.

Tapas, A. R.

English

International Journal of Phytomedicine

International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 36-40 
http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/index 
 
Original Research Article 
                                                            
ISSN: 0975-0185 
Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Coriandrum sativum linn. In 
indian earthworm 
Chandan H.S.1*, Tapas A.R.1, Sakarkar D.M.1
 
*Corresponding author: 
 
Chandan H.S. 
Department of 
Pharmacology, Sudhakarrao 
Naik Institute of Pharmacy, 
Pusad. (M.S). 445204 India. 
Phone: 9503252254 
Email – 
harshalichandan@gmail.com 
Fax no: +91- 07233247308 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Abstract 
Coriandrum sativum Linn. (CSL) is popularly known as coriander in 
India belongs to family Apiaceae. The objective of the present work 
was to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic potency of the ethanolic 
extract and carbon tetrachloride extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. 
plant using Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthumad). The various 
concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml) of the ethanolic extract and 
carbon tetrachloride extract were tested in-vitro for anthelmintic 
potency by determination of time of paralysis and time of death of 
worm. Piperazine citrate (15mg/ml) used as standard. The result of 
present study indicates that the Coriandrum sativum Linn. potentiate 
to paralyze earthworm and also caused its death after some time. The 
shortest time of paralysis was observed at higher dose (150 mg/ml) 
of both ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride were found to 28 
min and 45 min respectively. The results of the study are comparable 
to standard Piperazine citrate. The result showed that ethanolic 
extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. took less time to cause 
paralysis of the earthworm than that of carbon tetrachloride extract 
Coriandrum sativum Linn.. Thus the present study demonstrate that 
the Coriandrum sativum Linn. as an anthelmintic has been confirm 
as the ethanolic and carbon tetrachloride extracts of whole plant 
displayed activity against the earthworm used in study.  
Key word: CSL, Paralysis, death of earthworm. 
 
Introduction 
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are drugs that 
expel parasitic worms (helminths) from the body, 
by either stunning or killing them. The WHO 
estimates that a staggering two billion people 
harbor parasitic worm infections. Parasitic worm 
also infect livestock and crops affecting food 
production with a resultant economic impact. 
Despite this prevalence of parasitic infections, the 
research on anthelmintic drug is poor. As per 
WHO, only few drugs are frequently used in the 
treatment of these parasite infections.[1] Parasitic 
helminthes affects animals and men, causing 
considerable hardship and stunned growth. Most 
diseases caused by helminthes are of a chronic; 
debilitating nature they probably cause more 
morbidity and greater economic and social 
deprivation among humans and animals than any 
single group of parasites.[2] The major control 
strategy adopted against helminthes parasite is 
the use if anthelminths. 
 
Coriandrum sativum L. (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae), 
popularly known as coriander,  sambhar, dhania 
and medicinally believed to have several 
therapeutic properties: hypoglycaemic , anti-
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. 
Chandan et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 36-40 
37 
 
 
inflammatory and hypolipidaemic  analgesic and 
sedative, anxiolytic, antimutagenic, 
antihypertensive, diretic,antioxidant, 
antimicrobial, and carminative, antispasmodic 
and relaxant.[3,4]
 
 
Materials and Methods 
Plant:  
The fresh plants of Coriandrum sativum were 
collected in the month of September 2010 from 
the local market of Paratwada village, 
Maharashtra, India. The plant was authenticated 
by Dr. A. Chaturvedi of Botany Department; 
RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India. A 
voucher specimen (No: 9559) was deposited at 
Herbarium, Department of Botany, RTM Nagpur 
University Nagpur. 
 
Experimental animals: 
All the experiments were carried out in Indian 
adult earthworms (Pheretima posthumad) 
collected from moist soil and washed with normal 
saline to remove all fecal matter were used for 
anthelmintic activity.  
 
Material:  
Ethanolic and carbon tetrachloride extracts of 
Coriandrum sativum Linn. plant, Piperazine 
citrate (GSK. Ltd, Mumbai). 
 
Method 
Preparation of Extracts of Coriandrum 
sativum Linn. plant :  
The collected plant of Coriandrum sativum was 
dried under shade and undergone crushing in 
electric blender to form powdered and subjected 
to extraction by using Soxhlet’s extractor. The 
percent yield of ethanolic extract was 14.4 % w/w 
and carbon tetrachloride extract yield 11.8 % 
w/w. Both the extracts were concentrated by 
evaporation at room temperature and were used 
for pharmacological studies. 
 
Administration of Extract:  
The suspension of both extract of Coriandrum 
sativum different concentration (50-150 mg/ml) 
were prepared by using 0.2% v/v of Tween 20 as 
a suspending agent and final volume was made to 
10 ml for respective concentration of Coriandrum 
sativum plant. Piperazine citrate (15mg/ml) was 
used as standard. Eight groups of approximately 
equal size worms consisting of six earthworms 
individually in each group were released into 10 
ml of desired concentration of drug and extracts. 
 
Administration of Piperazine citrate:  
Piperazine citrate (15mg/ml) was used prepared 
by using 0.2% v/v of Tween 20 as a suspending 
agent. 
 
Experimental Design  
Eight groups of approximately equal size worms 
consisting of six earthworms individually in each 
group were released into 10 ml of desired 
concentration of drug. The anthelmintic assay 
was carried out as per the method6 with minor 
modification.[7,8] The animals were divided into 
eight group containing six earthworms each 
different concentration of extracts and standard 
drug solution were poured in different Petri 
dishes. Observations were made for the time 
taken for paralysis (Paralysis was said to occur 
when worm did not revive in normal saline) and 
death (Time for death of worms was recorded 
after ascertaining that worms neither moved 
when shaken vigorously  nor when dipped in 
warm water (500c),followed with their body 
colors fading away)[9,10].For evaluation of 
anthelmintic activity of  Coriandrum sativum 
plant, group I was control , group II received 
standared drug (Piperazine citrate), group III, IV 
& V received ethanolic while group VI, VII & 
VIII received carbon tetrachloride extracts of 
Coriandrum sativum plant respectively.  All the 
results were expressed as Mean ±S.D. of six 
animals in each group. 
 
Result and Discussion 
Helminthiasis or infections with parasitic worms 
are pathogenic for human beings. Immature 
forms of the parasites invade human beings via 
the skin or gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and evolve 
into well differentiated adult worms that have 
characteristic tissue distribution. Anthelmintics 
Chandan et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 36-40 
are drugs that may act locally to expel worms 
from the GIT or systemically to eradicate adult 
helminthes or development forms that invade 
organs and tissues[11,12]. 
 
The ethanolic and carbon tetrachloride extracts of 
Corindrum sativum plant were found to show 
anthelmintic activity when compared to standard 
drug. Ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum 
plant of concentration (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml) 
showed paralysis at 87.00, 42.33 and 32.33 min 
and death at 191.66, 146.00 and 88.33 min while 
carbon tetrachloride extract of Coriandrum 
sativum plant of concentration (50, 100, and 150 
mg/ml) paralysis at 97.33, 72.00 and 48.66 min 
and death at 215.00, 152.00 and 109.66 min. The 
standard drug, Piperazine citrate showed 
paralysis at 21.66 min and death after 72.33 min 
at 15mg/ml concentration. From the above result, 
it is clear that ethanolic and carbon tetrachloride 
extract of Coriandrum sativum plant have 
significant anthelmintic activity in dose 
dependent manner when compared with standard 
anthelmintic drug. Data in the figure 1 reveals 
that the ethanolic extracts of Coriandrum sativum 
plant took the less time to cause paralysis of the 
earthworm than that of carbon tetrachloride 
extract. It can be concluded that the active 
constituents responsible for anthelmintic activity 
present in the ethanol and carbon tetrachloride 
extract of Coriandrum sativum plant. Thus from 
results the  Coriandrum sativum as an 
anthelmintic have been confirm as a plant extract 
displayed activity against the worm used in 
present study. The possible mechanism of the 
anthelmintics activity of Coriandrum 
sativum cannot be explained on the basis of our 
present results. However, it may be due to its 
effect on inhibition of glucose uptake in the 
parasites and depletion of its glycogen 
synthesis[13,14] while there need further study to 
isolate and revealed the active compound 
contained in the crude extract of Coriandrum 
sativum as well as to establish mechanism(s) of 
action.[15]  
 
Conclusion 
From the results it conclude that, both extracts of 
Coriandrum sativum (ethanolic and carbon 
tetrachloride) demonstrate to possess dose 
dependant anthelmintic activity when compared 
to piperazine citrate. The results also revealed 
that the ethanolic extracts of Coriandrum sativum 
plant took the less time to cause paralysis of the 
earthworm than that of carbon tetrachloride 
extract thus it conclude that ethanolic extracts of 
Coriandrum sativum possess potent anthelmintic 
activity compared to carbon tetrachloride extract. 
From results the  Coriandrum sativum as an 
anthelmintic have been confirm as a it displayed 
activity against the worm used in present study. 
 
Table 1: Anthelmintic Potency of Coriandrum sativum  plant. 
 
Treatment Group Concentration  
(mg/ml) 
Time of paralysis (min) 
(Mean±S.D.) 
Time of death (min) 
(Mean±S.D.) 
Control I - - - 
Piperazine citrate(Std.)  
II 
 
15 
 
21.66± 6.18 
 
72.33±2.054 
III 50 87.00±3.0 191.66±2.51 
IV 100 42.33±3.21 146.00± 2.0 
Ethanolic Extract of 
Coriandrum sativum   
 
V 150 32.33±4.50 83.33±3.05 
VI 50 97.33±1.15 215.00±3.60 
VII 100 72.00±3.0 152.00±4.0 
Carbon tetrachloride extract 
of Coriandrum sativum 
VIII 150 48.66±4.04 109.66±3.05 
38 
 
 
Chandan et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 36-40 
 
Fig.1: Anthelmintic activity of extract of Coriandrum sativum plant in Indian Earthworm. 
 
Group I – control group; group II- standard piperazin citrate group; group III, IV &V – ethanolic extract of 
CSL having 50, 100, 150 mg/ml resp.; group VI, VII & VIII- carbon tetrachloride extract of CSL having 
50, 100, 150 mg/ml resp.  
 
References 
1. Kamrun Nahar, Muhammad Ashikur 
Rahman, Most. Nazma Parvin1 and 
Shammy Sarwar Evaluation of 
Anthelmintic Activity of Aqueous Leaf 
Extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. S. J. 
Pharm. Sci. 3(1):46-48. 
2. Kapoor LD, Hand book of ayurvedic 
medicinal plants :Herbal reference 
Library, USA, Florida, CRC Press , 
2000;pp 82 
3. Al-Mofleh IA, Alhaider AA, Mossa JS, 
Al- Sohaibani MO, Rafatullah S and 
Qureshi S. Protection of gastric mucosal 
damage by Coriandrum sativum L. 
pretreatment in wistar albino rats, 
Environ. Toxic. And Pharmacology 
2006;22 64-69. 
4. Begnami AF, Duarte MCT, Furletti V and 
Rehder VLG. Antimicrobial potential of 
Coriandrum sativum L. against different 
Candida species in vitro, Foodchem. 
2010;118:74-77. 
5. Gupta S, Raghuvanshi M and Jain D. 
Comparative studies on anti-inflammatory 
activity of Coriandrum sativum, Datura 
stramonium and Azadiracta indica,Asian 
J.Exp. Biol. Sci., 2010;Vol(1):151-154. 
6. Ajayeoba EO, Oncha SA, Olarenwaju 
OT. In vivo  anthelmintic property of 
Buehholria cariacen & Gyandropis 
gyancha ext., Pharm Biol., 2001;39:127-
210. 
7. Guha P. Betel leaf: The neglected green 
gold of India. J. Hum Ecol., 2006;19(2).  
8. Chopra RN, Nayer SC, Chopra IC. 
Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. 
CSIR, NewDelhi, 1956;160p. 
9. Kelly JD and Hall CA. resistance of 
animal helminthes to antihelmintics , Adv. 
Pharm.Ther ., 1979;16:ppS9-S12. 
10. Dash OK, Suresh P, Kar DM, Ganpaty S 
and Panda SP. Evaluation of Evolvulus 
39 
 
 
Chandan et al. International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 36-40 
alsinoids Linn,for anthelmintics and 
antimicrobial activities, J N at SRem., 
2002 ;2:pp.182-185. 
11. Jain MN and Jain SR. therapeutic activity 
of Ocimum basilicum  var. album,Planta 
Med., 1972;22:pp.66-70. 
12. Okon ED, Ogunsusi RA and Fabiyi JP. 
Survey and feasibility studies on 
fascioliasis and parasitic gastroenteritis of 
ruminants in Nigeria, Federal Livestock 
Department of Nigeria Report 1980. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Singh D, Swarnkar CP, Khan FA. 
Anthelminthicresistance in 
gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock in 
India. J Vet Parasit 2002;16:115-130. 
14. Goodman LS. Gilman A. The 
Pharmacological basis of 
Therapeutics.10th Edn. Mcgraw Hill 
Medical Publishing Division, New York, 
2001;1121p. 
15. Tripathi KD. Essential of Medical 
Pharmacology. 4th Edn. Jaypee 
Publication, New Delhi, 2006;816-817 
 
40 
 
 


Anthelmintic activity of extracts of coriandrum sativum linn. In indian earthworm

http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/article/download/267/271

Anthelmintic activity of extracts of coriandrum sativum linn. In indian earthworm

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

International Journal of Phytomedicine