PDMS/PVA composite ferroelectret for improved energy harvesting performance

This paper address the PDMS ferroelectret discharge issue for improved long- term energy harvesting performance. The PDMS/PVA ferroelectret is fabricated using a 3D-printed plastic mould technology and a functional PVA composite layer is introduced. The PDMS/PVA composite ferroelectret achieved 80% piezoelectric coefficient d33 remaining, compared with 40% without the proposed layer over 72 hours. Further, the retained percentage of output voltage is about 73% over 72 hours

Periodicities in Solar Coronal Mass Ejections

Mid-term quasi-periodicities in solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the most recent solar maximum cycle 23 are reported here for the first time using the four-year data (February 5, 1999 to February 10, 2003) of the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). In parallel, mid-term quasi-periodicities in solar X-ray flares (class >M5.0) from the Geosynchronous Operational Environment Satellites (GOES) and in daily averages of Ap index for geomagnetic disturbances from the World Data Center (WDC) at the International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) are also examined for the same four-year time span. Several conceptual aspects of possible equatorially trapped Rossby-type waves at and beneath the solar photosphere are discussed.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS, 6 figure

New variable separation approach: application to nonlinear diffusion equations

The concept of the derivative-dependent functional separable solution, as a generalization to the functional separable solution, is proposed. As an application, it is used to discuss the generalized nonlinear diffusion equations based on the generalized conditional symmetry approach. As a consequence, a complete list of canonical forms for such equations which admit the derivative-dependent functional separable solutions is obtained and some exact solutions to the resulting equations are described.Comment: 19 pages, 2 fig

Thermoelastic properties of MgSiO3-majorite at high temperatures and pressures: A first principles study

As the major component of garnet, the second most abundant phase in Earth's transition zone, MgSiO3-majorite plays a fundamental role in controlling the state and dynamics of Earth's mantle. However, due to challenges of experiments and simulations, there are still very limited data on the elastic properties of MgSiO3-majorite at simultaneously high temperatures and pressures. In this study, we have carried out extensive first principles calculations to determine the thermoelastic properties of MgSiO3-majorite up to 2000 K and 40 GPa. We find that the elastic constants of MgSiO3-majorite change significantly over the temperature and pressure range studied, with noticeable non-linearities in their pressure dependences. The seismic anisotropy of MgSiO3-majorite is high and generally increases with pressure. It is much higher than that of the other end-members of garnet and ringwoodite, which makes it the most anisotropic mineral in assemblages expected in the lower transition zone. Based on our calculated elastic moduli and with careful elimination of systematic errors, we establish a third-order Birch-Murnaghan-Mie-Grüneisen model for MgSiO3-majorite with the parameters: V0 = 114.1 cm3/mol, K0 = 163.6 GPa, G0 = 86.4 GPa, K0′ = 4.44, G0′ = 1.16, γ0 = 1.08, q0 = 0.48, ηS0 = 0.76, and θ0 = 822.5 K. Integrating our results into a thermodynamic model able to predict the properties of mantle assemblages, we find that a pyrolite composition produces velocities that agree with the seismic model AK135 in the upper transition zone. In the lower transition zone, a pyrolite composition fits well with some specific local observations, but a mechanical mixture with 18% basalt and 82% harzburgite is in better agreement with the global seismic model PREM. The much larger abundance of MgSiO3-majorite in the garnet phase of harzburgite suggests that the anisotropy in the lower transition zone may not be negligible and would be observable at least in the heterogeneous zones near subducting slabs

PNEUMATIC-BALLISTIC IMPACT DEVICE

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72123/1/j.1747-1567.1987.tb00669.x.pd

Approximate perturbed direct homotopy reduction method: infinite series reductions to two perturbed mKdV equations

An approximate perturbed direct homotopy reduction method is proposed and applied to two perturbed modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations with fourth order dispersion and second order dissipation. The similarity reduction equations are derived to arbitrary orders. The method is valid not only for single soliton solution but also for the Painlev\'e II waves and periodic waves expressed by Jacobi elliptic functions for both fourth order dispersion and second order dissipation. The method is valid also for strong perturbations.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

Genetic differentiation in Japanese flounder in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mitochondrial DNA markers

The population structure of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the Yellow and East China Seas were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequencing. A total of 390 reproducible bands were generated by 10 AFLP primer combinations in two populations collected from the coasts of Qingdao (located at the Yellow Sea) and Zhoushan (located at the East China Sea). The percentage of polymorphic loci (P), Nei’s genetic diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) values were higher in the Qingdao population (P = 72.85%, H = 0.243 and I = 0.364) than those in the Zhoushan population (P = 56.35%, H = 0.189 and I = 0.284). The genetic diversity reduction in the Zhoushan population may be attributed to fishing pressure and habitat loss in this area. Based on the COI sequencing analysis, a total of 25 polymorphic sites were examined, and 15 haplotypes were identified in the two populations. The haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) values in the Qingdao population were 0.746 ± 0.0728 and 0.00334 ± 0.00103, respectively. The corresponding values in the Zhoushan population were 0.712 ± 0.0470 and 0.00318 ± 0.00049. Both the AFLP and mtDNA data revealed significant genetic differentiation between the two populations. The present study discussed the factors that may result in genetic differentiation between the populations in the Yellow and East China Seas.Keywords: Japanese flounder, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, genetic diversity, population structur

A multiple exp-function method for nonlinear differential equations and its application

A multiple exp-function method to exact multiple wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations is proposed. The method is oriented towards ease of use and capability of computer algebra systems, and provides a direct and systematical solution procedure which generalizes Hirota's perturbation scheme. With help of Maple, an application of the approach to the $3+1$ dimensional potential-Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama equation yields exact explicit 1-wave and 2-wave and 3-wave solutions, which include 1-soliton, 2-soliton and 3-soliton type solutions. Two cases with specific values of the involved parameters are plotted for each of 2-wave and 3-wave solutions.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figure