Money and Emerging Adults: A Glimpse into the Lives of College Couples’ Financial Management Practices

Being in a romantic relationship is a transition that many college students enter while earning a college degree. Twenty-four students between the ages of 19 to 29 years old who self-identified as being in a committed relationship participated in this study. They completed an online survey that included both quantitative and qualitative (open-ended) questions pertaining to money management practices. Key findings suggest that participants believe in communicating about their individual and combined finances so as to prevent or solve financial challenges. They also discussed the importance of having similar perspectives about financial values within their relationship. Financial therapists, counselors, and educators working with the college student populations should be aware of the issues couples in committed relationships face, and should tailor their money management programming with this in mind

A taxonomy to assess the interaction between nurses and children:Development and reliability

Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess the nurse-child interaction during medical or nursing interventions. Background Communication is an important competency for the professional practice of nurses and physicians. The nurse-patient relationship is fundamental for high-quality care. It has been suggested that if nurses have more skills to interact with children, care will be less distressing and less painful for the children. Design A qualitative observational psychometric study; the GRRAS checklist was used. Methods In-depth video-analyses, taxonomy development (19 videos) and testing it is psychometric properties (10 videos). Three observers micro-analysed video recordings of experienced nurses changing children's wound dressing in a specialised Burn Centre. Results The nurse-child interaction taxonomy (NCIT) was developed to observe and score the interactional behaviour between nurse and child. The taxonomy has three main patterns: being considerate, attuning oneself, and procedural interventions, subdivided in eight dimensions. These dimensions contain 16 elements that can be observed and scored on a 7-point scale. Intra-rater, inter-rater reliability and agreement were good. Conclusions This study shows that interaction between nurses and children can be assessed reliably with the NCIT by an experienced observer or alternatively, scoring by two observers is recommended. Relevance to clinical practice The development of the taxonomy is an important step to find evidence for the best way for nurses to interact with children during nursing interventions or medical events and as such, ultimately, contributes to providing the best care possible

A model for predicting grain boundary cracking in polycrystalline viscoplastic materials including scale effects

A model is developed herein for predicting the mechanical response of inelastic crystalline solids. Particular emphasis is given to the development of microstructural damage along grain boundaries, and the interaction of this damage with intragranular inelasticity caused by dislocation dissipation mechanisms. The model is developed within the concepts of continuum mechanics, with special emphasis on the development of internal boundaries in the continuum by utilizing a cohesive zone model based on fracture mechanics. In addition, the crystalline grains are assumed to be characterized by nonlinear viscoplastic mechanical material behavior in order to account for dislocation generation and migration. Due to the nonlinearities introduced by the crack growth and viscoplastic constitution, a numerical algorithm is utilized to solve representative problems. Implementation of the model to a finite element computational algorithm is therefore briefly described. Finally, sample calculations are presented for a polycrystalline titanium alloy with particular focus on effects of scale on the predicted response

Money and Emerging Adults: A Glimpse into the Lives of College Couples’ Financial Management Practices

Being in a romantic relationship is a transition that many college students enter while earning a college degree. Twenty-four students between the ages of 19 to 29 years old who self-identified as being in a committed relationship participated in this study. They completed an online survey that included both quantitative and qualitative (open-ended) questions pertaining to money management practices. Key findings suggest that participants believe in communicating about their individual and combined finances so as to prevent or solve financial challenges. They also discussed the importance of having similar perspectives about financial values within their relationship. Financial therapists, counselors, and educators working with the college student populations should be aware of the issues couples in committed relationships face, and should tailor their money management programming with this in mind

Multiple-dose clinical pharmacology of ACT-541468, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, following repeated-dose morning and evening administration

ACT-541468 is a dual orexin receptor antagonist with sleep-promoting effects in humans. Following entry-into-humans, its pharmacokinetics (PK) including dose-proportionality and accumulation, pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, and tolerability following multiple-ascending oral dose (MAD) administration in the morning, and next-day residual effects after repeated evening administration were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. 31 healthy male and female subjects in 3 dose-groups (10, 25, and 75 mg) received study drug in the morning for 5 days (MAD part), and 20 healthy subjects received 25 mg in the evening for 1 week (evening part). PK, PD (saccadic peak velocity (SPV), adaptive tracking, body sway, Bond and Lader visual analogue scales (VAS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), VAS Bowdle for assessment of psychedelic effects), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Simple Reaction Time Test (SRTT), safety, and tolerability were assessed. ACT-541468 was absorbed with a median t(max) of 1.0-2.0 h across the 3 dose groups. The geometric mean elimination half-life (t(1/2)) on Day 5 was between 5.6 and 8.5 h, and the exposure (area under the curve (AUC)) showed dose proportionality. No accumulation and no influence of sex on the multiple-dose PK parameters of ACT-541468 was observed. No effects were observed at 10 mg. Administration of 25 and 75 mg during the day showed clear dose-dependent effects on the PD parameters, while next-day effects were absent after evening administration of 25 mg. The drug was safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, multiple-dose PK/PD of ACT-541468 were compatible with a drug designated to treat insomnia. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.Stress-related psychiatric disorders across the life spa

IMMIGRANT AND US-BORN MEXICAN-OWNED BUSINESSES: MOTIVATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

In this study, we seek to understand the key differences between the entrepreneurial experience for Mexican immigrant and US-born Mexican entrepreneurs. We focus on differences in motivation for start-up, reliance on ethnic enclaves and business management practices. Using data from the 2005 National Minority Business Owner Survey, our sample consisted of 156 Mexican American entrepreneurs (55 immigrants and 101 US-born). Results suggest that even within a particular minority group, there are key distinctions between immigrant and US-born entrepreneurs. For example, US-born Mexican entrepreneurs are more motivated by the individualistic financial benefits of being an entrepreneur, while Mexican immigrant entrepreneurs are more motivated by serving society and their co-ethnic community. Implications are discussed.Minority entrepreneurship, Mexican American, motivation, ethnic enclave, business financing

Clinical pharmacology of the dual orexin receptor antagonist ACT-541468 in elderly subjects: Exploration of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability following single-dose morning and repeated-dose evening administration

Background: The dual orexin receptor antagonist ACT-541468 showed sedative pharmacodynamic effects during initial clinical testing in adult subjects. The present study explored pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability in healthy elderly subjects. Methods: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, single-ascending dose study in 24 male/female elderly (65-80 years, 5, 15 and 25 mg in the morning, 6/2 active/placebo per group). Additionally, 10 subjects (8/2 active/placebo) received 25 mg for 7 days in the evening. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (saccadic peak velocity, adaptive tracking, body sway, visual analogue scales according to Bowdle and Bond and Lader, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and tolerability were assessed. In particular, pharmacodynamics results are to be interpreted exploratorily. Results: Absorption was quick with a median time to maximum concentration of similar to 1.0 h. The mean elimination half-life was 8.5-9.8 h, the area under the curve and the maximum plasma concentration increased proportionally with dose. Following repeated evening administration of 25 mg, minimal accumulation was observed. There were no pharmacodynamic effects at 5 mg. At 15 mg, saccadic peak velocity (degree/s; SD) was reduced (69; 38), while other variables showed no effects. At 25 mg, effects on all objective pharmacodynamic parameters were observed. At 8-12 h post-dose, there were no differences to placebo and no next-day effects on pharmacodynamic variables after evening administration. Elderly subjects reported fewer adverse events compared to adults in previous studies. Conclusion: ACT-541468 in elderly subjects was well tolerated and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are compatible with a drug for the treatment of insomnia. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02571855Stress-related psychiatric disorders across the life spa