Bioaccessibility and reactivity of alloy powders used in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

Exposure to metal particles via the inhalation route unavoidably takes place at occupational settings during additive manufacturing of metals and alloys. This calls for investigations on possible adverse health effects. This study focuses on virgin and reused powders of three iron- and nickel-based alloy powders (316L, IN718, 18Ni300) widely used in additive manufacturing, and dust powder of 18Ni300 generated during laser melting. Investigations were performed from a physico-chemical and toxicological perspective assessing their bioaccessibility in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, simulating lung exposure to respirable particles), corrosion behavior, surface morphology and composition, microstructure, hydrodynamic size distribution in ALF, and in-vitro toxicity towards cultured human lung cells. Less than 1% of the powder mass was dissolved from the passive alloys (316L, IN718) under simulated physiological conditions (pH4.5, 37 °C, 24 h), whereas the 18Ni300 iron-nickel alloy showed an active behavior and dissolved completely. Reused powders of 18Ni300 and IN718 showed no, or only minor, differences in surface oxide composition, metal release pattern, and corrosion behavior compared with virgin powders. After reuse, the 316L powder showed an enrichment of manganese within the outermost surface, an increased corrosion current, increased amounts of released iron and an increased fraction of particles with ferritic microstructure, which increased the extent of particle aggregation. All powders showed low, or negligible, cytotoxic potency and reactive oxygen species formation. Powder bed fusion using laser melting can hence affect the chemical, physical, and surface properties of non-fused powders, which, if reused, could influence the properties of the printed part. Keywords: Corrosion; Metal and alloys; Microstructure; Powder processing; Rapid prototypin

Hubungan Antara Body Image Dan Perilaku Konsumtif Produk Bermerek Pada Remaja Putri

Remaja putri mempertahankan kecantikan dan daya tarik fisiknya dengan cara berbelanja barang-barang yang dapat menunjang penampilan fisiknya. Remaja putri akan menjadi lebih boros untuk membelanjakan uang sakunya dalam membeli barang-barang yang dianggap dapat memenuhi kebutuhan akan kecantikan dan penampilan dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah ada hubungan antara body image dan perilaku konsumtif produk bermerek pada remaja putri. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adanya hubungan positif antara body image dan perilaku konsumtif produk bermerek pada remaja putri. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif, kemudian alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala body image dan alat ukur skala perilaku konsumtif produk bermerek. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 remaja putri yang bersekolah di salah satu SMA Negeri kota Bogor dan berusia antara 15 sampai 18 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,410 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,000 (p < 0,01) yaitu adanya hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara body image dan perilaku konsumtif produk bermerek pada remaja putri. Arah korelasinya adalah positif, yang menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi body image maka semakin tinggi pula perilaku konsumtif produk bermerek pada remaja putri

Use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and fracture risk

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which has a high rate of use among teenagers in Europe and the United States, has been associated with impaired bone mineral acquisition during adolescence and accelerated bone loss in later life. Studies on the association between DMPA use and fracture risk are limited.; We aimed at evaluating the relationship between use of hormonal contraceptives, specifically DMPA, and fracture risk.; We conducted a case-control analysis using the United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database.; Participants were females aged 20-44 yr with an incident fracture diagnosis between 1995 and 2008.; Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident fracture in relation to exposure to DMPA or combined oral contraceptives were assessed. Adjustments were made for smoking, body mass index, and additional potential confounders.; We identified 17,527 incident fracture cases and 70,130 control patients (DMPA exposure: 11 and 8%, respectively). Compared with nonuse, current use of one to two, three to nine, or 10 or more DMPA prescriptions yielded adjusted OR for fractures of 1.18 (95% CI = 0.93-1.49), 1.36 (95% CI = 1.15-1.60), and 1.54 (95% CI = 1.33-1.78), respectively. Fracture risk was highest after longer treatment duration (<2-3 yr), and there was no difference in patients below and above the age of 30 yr. For users of combined estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, the OR were around 1.; This population-based study suggests that use of DMPA is associated with a slightly increased risk of fractures

Penerapan Strategi “Lesser” dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Karangan Bahasa Jepang (Sakubun) Mahasiswa Tingkat Iiiprodi Pendidikan Bahasa Jepangfkip Universitas Riau

The purpose of this research is to find outthe difference of students' ability in writing Japanese essays(sakubun) after using LESSER strategy. This research is a weak-experiment type one group pretest post test design. The object of this research is 15 third-level students as the responsents.Data collection was performed by giving test. The given test was writing assignments in order to find out the students' ability of content and organization aspect in writing Japanese essays (pretest and post test). This research is processed by paired sampling t-test using software of SPSSVersion 22to get the value of the significant. Based on the data analysis, the value of the post test of content and organization in writing Japanese essays is lower than 0,05 (0,01<0,05 and 0,024<0,05), It means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, so there is a significant impact with the applicaation oh LESSER strategy on the learning of Japanese writing (sakubun) by the third level students of Japanese Education Department Faculty of Teacher's Training and Education Riau University

Potency of Dregs Coconut Fermentation (Cocos Nucifera) as an Alternative Feed for Fish and Poultry \u27Pa-bio\u27

People of Kolaka accustomed to using coconuts as well be used as a food supplement or a mixture of additives in processed foods, cakes and other confectionary. Therefore utilizing coconut pulp as feed fish and poultry should be made to minimize the potential for household waste. Feed from coconut pulp is a transfer of science and technology to the people who are expected to help poor people to be productive. Fermentation is one method to process coconut pulp into feed ingredients. The fermentation process is done by using spores of Aspergillus Niger. The fermentation process is done in stages, by aerobic fermentation followed by anaerobic fermentation (enzymatic process). In short the process of making feed "PA-BIO" from coconut pulp is: Dregs of coconuts added water, stirred and steamed. Cooled and then stirred together with a mixture of minerals, Aspergillus Niger spores are added and stirred again until evenly distributed. The mixture was then fermented aerobically and unaerobically. Dregs fermented and then dried and packaged for later in packing. Based on the results of research that the utilization of coconut dregs as cattle feed and fish is potential. Miskiyah et al. (2006), increase protein content after fermentation of coconut pulp 11.35% to 26.09%, or by 130% and decreased fat content of 11.39%. The results also showed that the feed produced quite safe for livestock, namely the aflatoxin content <20 ppb. Feed from coconut pulp is also good for fish farming. Goenarso et al. (2002) on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.), the faster fish growth with increasing the feed protein content of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%

POTENCY OF DREGS COCONUT FERMENTATION (COCOS NUCIFERA) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FEED FOR FISH AND POULTRY 'PA-BIO’

People of Kolaka accustomed to using coconuts as well be used as a food supplement or a mixture of additives in processed foods, cakes and other confectionary. Therefore utilizing coconut pulp as feed fish and poultry should be made to minimize the potential for household waste. Feed from coconut pulp is a transfer of science and technology to the people who are expected to help poor people to be productive. Fermentation is one method to process coconut pulp into feed ingredients. The fermentation process is done by using spores of Aspergillus niger. The fermentation process is done in stages, by aerobic fermentation followed by anaerobic fermentation (enzymatic process). In short the process of making feed "PA-BIO" from coconut pulp is: Dregs of coconuts added water, stirred and steamed. Cooled and then stirred together with a mixture of minerals, Aspergillus niger spores are added and stirred again until evenly distributed. The mixture was then fermented aerobically and unaerobically. Dregs fermented and then dried and packaged for later in packing. Based on the results of research that the utilization of coconut dregs as cattle feed and fish is potential. Miskiyah et al. (2006), increase protein content after fermentation of coconut pulp 11.35% to 26.09%, or by 130% and decreased fat content of 11.39%. The results also showed that the feed produced quite safe for livestock, namely the aflatoxin content 20 ppb. Feed from coconut pulp is also good for fish farming. Goenarso et al. (2002) on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.), the faster fish growth with increasing the feed protein content of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%

Aplikasi Plugin Transfer Domain Di PT Beon Intermedia

PT. Beon Intermedia specializes in hosting and domain services. High reputation requires PT. Beon Intermedia to always work quickly and efficiently. But there are still obstacles in the Domain displacement activity, namely in the recording and checking for Domain transfer activities are still using conventional methods that take up to 7 days workmanship.To solve this problem, so we try a solution for an application / plugin that is embedded in the system in PT. Beon Intermedia. The plugin works automatically and continuously to the process for switching domain, check the status of the transfer and perform notifications. The plugin works in a way to grab the data from the system regristrar to update the progress status of the domain that you want to move. Our results, this plugin goes well, the process of switching domain by using this plugin can cut the time domain displacement of an advanced first 7 days to 4 days, so that the service becomes faster, recorded in the system and to work more efficiently

Strategi Komunikasi Konsultan Manajemen Wilayah dalam Program Kota tanpa Kumuh (Kotaku) di Kelurahan Tanah Datar Kecamatan Pekanbaru Kota

Currently there are slums in urban Indonesia, it means the people still live in conditions of homes uninhabitable and lack of public access to urban basic services. Kota Tanpa Kumuh Program (Kotaku) launched in 2016 which is a program of prevention and improving the quality of national slum. Tanah Datar is a priority locations considered successful running KOTAKU program, this is not apart of their communication strategy. This study aims to determine the communicator, target audience, media and message strategy communications made in the course of Regional Management Consultants on Kota Tanpa Kumuh Program of Tanah Datar District of Pekanbaru City.This research method is qualitative descriptive method using strategic communications theory. The research subject is determined by purposive sampling with 9 informants. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data was analyzed using interactive model of Miles and Huberman, the validity data checking techniques includes extension of participation, and triangulation.The results showed first, form a strategy that assigns a team of facilitators and skilled team of Regional Management Consultants, and chairman of the Institute for Community Self-Reliance Tanah Datar Makmur as a speaker in the socialization. Second, audience strategy is the entire village community Tanah Datar. Third, message strategy is the preparation of the material comprising the message dissemination of relevant information Kota Tanpa Kumuh Program, as well as the use of the slogan and adjustments in the delivery of the message to the target. Fourth, the using of media that is the media group with the dissemination and use of mass media such as print media (newspapers, brochures, banners and billboards, pamphlets and fotonovela bulletin) and electronic media (online media, radio, social media facebook and instagram, and website)

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Virtual Laboratory Menggunakan Pendekatan Mini Laboratory untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar dan Kemampuan Pedagogik Calon Guru pada Matakuliah Eksperimen dan Media Pembelajaran Fisika

This study aims to see an increase in learning independence and pedagogic abilities of prospective teachers (students) after applying learning by using a virtual laboratory with a mini laboratory approach. The sample in this study were 9 physics education students using saturated sampling. Data collection techniques used were non-test techniques using questionnaires and observation sheets. After the data is obtained, the data will be analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study were obtained that the learning independence and pedagogical abilities of students increased because students as prospective teachers were active to create virtual laboratories and apply them during learning practice using a mini laboratory approach. The percentage of student learning independence by 82% is in a very good category and the largest percentage of learning independence is in the indicators of independence in making judgments and exemplary behavior and speech by 89%. Student's pedagogical abilities that are very much owned by students are in the realm of skill indicators in using methods and media in learning. In the pedagogic abilities of prospective teacher students, VL taught using a mini laboratory approach trains pedagogic abilities, as seen from the results of research on pedagogic abilities of prospective teacher students in the high category

WRITING MATERIAL FOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION STUDY PROGRAM IN VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL: STUDENTS’ NEED ANALYSIS

Vocational High School is course with aim to prepare the students to have specific skills by having practical activities based on its study program. It has the same purpose with English for specific purposes (ESP) course which aims to meet the students’ specific language need. ESP courses help students to use English appropriately as well as accurately to perform their jobs in a various situations where they encounter their English language function. ESP course often begins with the students’ need. Students’ need analysis is needed to be identified to be able to meet the effective learning material based on what the students really need. This study aims to investigate the writing materials needs of eleventh grade students of Office Administration study program in Vocational High School from viewpoints of students. This study used descriptive qualitative analysis with questionnaire and interview method to collect the data. The subjects of the research were eleventh grade of Office Administration students that consisted of 34 students by using purposive sampling. The result indicated that the students have several needs in terms of target needs and learning needs. Target needs are divided into necessities, wants, and lacks. Based on the result of target needs, the students are lack of component of writing skills including express ideas, write with correct organization, use correct grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling, and use appropriate vocabulary based on the context of the text. Thus, the students need and want to learn those components of writing skills. Meanwhile, learning needs are divided into input, procedure, setting, and accessibility. The input is divided into content of materials, activities, and design. The teachers should pay attention more on those aspects to fulfill the students’ need to help them transition successfully to their future careers after graduation