Distribution Pattern of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) on Arabica and Robusta Coffee

Coffee berry borer [CBB, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferr.)] is the main pest on coffee causing a significant losses. Distribution pattern of the pest is not known deeply until now, especially in Indonesia. The data of distribution pattern of pest is very important in constructing the strategy of integrated pest management, especially to determine a sampling method for monitoring of the pest. This experiment aimed to reveal the distribution pattern of CBB both spatially and vertically. The experiment was conducted on Arabica and Robusta coffee, located in Kalibendo estate in Banyuwangi East Java. A plot with 400 (20 x 20) of coffee trees were observed for infestation and population of CBB, at four branches on south, north, east and west directions for each tree. Collected data were analyzed to obtain the value of mean, variance (=s2), variance/mean relationship (=I), index of Morisita (=Iδ), coefficient of Green (=Cx) and k exponent of Negative Binomial. Results of the experiment revealed that spatial distribution pattern of CBB, both on Arabica an Robusta coffee, as well as for infestation and population parameters, was fit with aggregated or clumped distribution. For vertical distribution, it inclined that CBB infestation and population in the lower part of coffee tree was higher than in central and upper part of coffee tree. Plenty of infested coffee berries leaved on soil surface may result in higher infestation and population in the lower part

Effectiveness of Biopesticide Derived FromCassia Spectabilis and Nicotiana Tabacum Leaves Against the Main Insect Pests of Coffee and Its Effect on Other Arthropods

An experiment on the effectiveness of biopesticide made of ramayana (Cassia spectabilis) and tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum) it called as Casnic, on Hypothenemus hampeiand Planococcus citriand its effect on the arthropods population fauna in coffee plantation had been conducted in Pest Laboratory of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Researh Institute and Bangelan Plantation in Malang. The treatment consisted of three level concentrations of botanical pesticide(15 ml, 30 ml, and 60 ml/lof water), Beauveria bassiana(at a dose 100 g spore per ha), metidation spraying (2 ml formulation per litre of water) and two control treatments (with and without soap). The field experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results showed that botanical pesticide at the concentration of 30.0 ml stock solution per litre of water and applied four times with monthly interval was effective in controlling coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and coffee mealy bug (Planococcus citri). The effectiveness was not significantly different compared to metidation and Beauveria bassianaat the dose of 0.8 l and 100 g formulation per ha per application. Application of the botanical pesticide did not show negative effect on the usefull predatory insects and other arthropods population in coffee ecosystem

Use of Trapping for Controlling of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei)

Studies on the field trapping of coffee berry borer (CBB, Hypothenemus hampei) have been conducted to evaluate trap color, trap design and lures (attractant substances). The trials were conducted in a Robusta coffee plantation in East Java during August to December 2004. The trap color evaluated were red, orange, yellow, green and blue, set up in the coffee plantation using a four funnels trap. The traps installed on wood poles at a height of 175 cm above ground and placed among coffee trees. Observations were conducted every day for a week. Result of the study showed that the red and blue color traps captured CBB significantly higher than the others. During a week, the red color captured 1694 CBB adults while the blue one captured 1619 CBB adults. Peak number of captured CBB of the red and blue trapping occurred on the third day with the number of CBB of 416 and 395, respectively. In the evaluation of trapping design, four types of trapping were tried at the same location. The types of trapping were single funnel red trapping, four funnel red trapping, bottle trap with two straight opposite holes, and bottle trapping with two-zigzag holes. Bottle trapping was made of plastic bottle of 1.5-litre capacity, provided with two holes at its opposite wall. Setting up of the trapping in the field and the observation time were in the same way with the trial in trapping color evaluation. Results obtained indicated that the bottle trapping with two straight opposite holes captured the highest number of CBB followed by four funnel red trapping i.e. 547 and 69 per week, respectively. The peak number of trapped CBB occurred at the third day, as at the color trials. Furthermore, four lures have been evaluated int order to obtain the most effective substances for CBB trapping. Substances of A, B, C and D were set up in a coffee plantation using two types of trapping, four funnel red trapping and bottle trapping with two straight opposite holes. The results showed that the substances of B, C and D captured higher CBB adult than A. Nevertheless, this results was not fully convincing since the number of CBB trapped was low, which was due to low population of the CBB during the last trial

Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao - Kendala Utama Industri Kakao Indonesia dan Saran Pengelolaannya: (Cocoa pod borer - the main constraint of cocoa industry in indonesia and its management)

ABSTRACT Outbreak of cocoa pod borer has occured in Central Sulawesi and other Indonesian provinces since 199!. The reason of the outbreak has not been clearly defined however, it was presummecl that the event took place after tremendous expansion of coca plantation in the last two decades. . Until December, 1995 the pest has infested 11 provinces including several main cocoa producing areas of Indonesia. Total cocoa area damaged by the pest is about 40,000 ha Bioecological aspects and management of the pest were reviewed These information should be useful to arrange the control strategy of measures developed in other countries can be adopted directly in handling t, term practices. Key words: cocoa pod borer, control strategy INTISARI Ledakan harm penggerek buah kakao telah terjadi di Sulawesi Tengali dan Fovinsi-provinsi lain di Indonesia sejak tahun 1991. Penyebab terjadinya eksplosi hams tersebut belum diketahui secara pasti, flan= demikian diduga berkaitan dengan perluasan ran man kakao secara besar-besaran di Indonesia dalam dua dekade terakhir. Sampai dengan bulan Desember 1995 hama penggerek buah kakao telah menginfeksi pada 11 provinsi termasuk pusat-pusat produksi kakao di Indonesia. Total areal terserang diperkirakan kurang lebih 40.000 ha. Aspek bioekologi dan pengelolaan hama telah diulas dais berbagai literatur terbaru. Diharapkan inforrnasi tersebut bermanfaat dalam menyusun strategi pengendalian hama di Indonesia. Beberapa pengendalian dapat diadopsi secara Iangsung untuk menangani hama ini terutama dalam periode jangka pendek. Kata kunci: penggerek buah kakao, strategi pengendalia

Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao - Kendala Utama Industri Kakao Indonesia dan Saran Pengelolaannya

Outbreak of cocoa pod borer has occurred inCentral Sulawesiand other Indonesian provinces since 1991. The reason of the outbreak has not been clearly defined, however, it was presumed that the event look place after tremendous expansion of cocoa plantation in the last two decades. Until December, 1995 the pest has infested 11 provinces including several main cocoa producing areas ofIndonesia. Total cocoa area damaged by the pest is about 40,000 ha.Bioecological aspects and management of the pest were reviewed from some recent literatures. These information should be useful to arrange the control strategy of the pest inIndonesia. Control measures developed in other countries can be adopted directly in handling the pest, especially for short term practices

Keefektifan Limbah Tembakau sebagai Insektisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Hama Helopeltis SP. pada Kakao

The effectiveness of tobacco waste extract to control Helopeltis sp. on cocoa had been tested in laboratory and field conditions. Side effects of the extract on growth of cocoa flower and predatory insects of Helopeltis sp. had also been observed after field application. The results revealed that tobacco waste extract at 10.0% concentration in water was effective in suppressing the population of Helopeltis sp. both in laboratory and field trials, and it was not significantly different compared to cypermethrin 0.1% formulation and BPMC 0.2% formulation. Application of tobacco extract and insecticides did not result in negative effects on the growth of cocoa flower, nevertheless the tratmens affected the population of predatory insects of spiders and Reduviidae

Effect of Picung (Pangium Edule) Plant Extracts as a Botanical Pesticide on Mortality of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei)

Coffee pests known as coffe berry borer (CBB, Hypothenemus hampei) were main pests which decreasing the productivity of Indonesian coffee. One of pests controlling was done by insecticides. Generally, plant uses for insecticide show high security level, because the breaking molecule was easy as not dangerous compound. Pangium edule contains of flavanoide, cyanide acid and saponin had potential as an botanical insecticide. The purpose of this research was to prove the potential extract of seed and leaves of picung (Pangium edule) as an botanical insecticide for CBB. This research used a complete random design. There were 8 treatments with the concentration of the extract from leaves and seed of picung, one positive control treatment (Carbaril 0,02% formulation) and one negative control treatment (aquades). The treatment was repeated four times and carried out observation on every day until six days. The concentrations leaf and seed extracts were 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0%. The result of the research show that between concentration applied the were no significant different and at observation six days after application the mortality of CBB only around 35 -40% on both extracts (ewater and methanol). The result of the research also show that there were no real differentiation between leaves and seed of picung. LT-50 values were 1.25% and 0.96%, for leaves and seed extract in water for six day observation. From this observation could be concluded that picung tree (Pangium edule) is not effective in the controlling CBB in the interval concentration applied and extraction method used. Key words: Botanical pesticide, picung tree, Pangium edule, mortality, Hypothenemus hampei, water extraction, methanol extraction

Percobaan Pendahuluan Pengaruh Minyak Mimba dan Ekstrak Biji Srikaya terhadap Mortalitas Helopeltis SP. (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Preliminary trial of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed oil and aqueous seed extract of custard-apple (Annona squamosa L.) on the mortality of Helopeltis sp. has been conducted in laboratory condition. Neem oil obtained from directly pressed seed kernel and aqueous extract of custard-apple seed at concentration of 1.0% and 2.0% were significantly causing the mortality of the insect. The effectiveness of the substances in killing Helopeltis were not significantly different with propoxur and sipermethrin insecticides. Neem oil obtained from steamed seed before being pressed and aqueous leaf extracts were also causing high mortality but still lower than two substances previously applied.Number of eggs produced by Helopeltis treated with the neem oil and seed extract of custard-apple were also significantly lower than control