15 research outputs found
Determinants of parents' reticence toward vaccination in urban areas in Benin (West Africa)
Analysis of the data reveals those who are vaccination-reticent say it goes against the will of God, that it is a poison from the âwhite witch doctor,â and a sin. Members of the control group argued against this, but without conviction. They adhere to the principle of obedience to authority, a biblical precept invoked when the vaccinators oblige them to vaccinate their children. To limit the spread of this phenomenon among the religious population of the cities like Parakou and Cotonou in Benin, more detailed information and negotiation between health authorities and pastors of the churches are essential
FACTEURS EXPLICATIFS DE LA PERSISTANCE DU CHOLERA DANS LA VILLE DE GOMA
Le cholĂ©ra est une toxi-infection intestinale grave, contagieuse, causĂ©e par lâenterotoxine de V. cholerae des sĂ©rogroupes O1 et O139 associĂ©es Ă des Ă©pidĂ©mies majeures .Câest une urgence de santĂ© publique. Lâobjectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de  dĂ©terminer les facteurs explicatifs de la persistance de lâĂ©pidĂ©mie de cholĂ©ra dans la ville de Goma.
MATERIEL ET METHODE :Une Ă©tude cas-tĂ©moins  a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©  dans  2 zones de santĂ© de la ville de Goma (Goma et  Karisimbi). LâĂ©chantillon a Ă©tĂ© tirĂ© de la liste linĂ©aire de lâĂ©pidĂ©mie de 2017 (124 cas appariĂ©s aux 246 tĂ©moins), tirĂ©s au hasard au tour des mĂ©nages des cas. Les variables indĂ©pendantes Ă©taient introduites  dans le modĂšle de rĂ©gression logistique par le logiciel SPSS 23.0 pour identifier les facteurs significativement associĂ©s Ă la persistance des Ă©pidĂ©mies de cholĂ©ra dans la ville de Goma aprĂšs ajustement des variables indĂ©pendantes les unes sur les autres.  Il y a  eu calcul dâ ORA : IC Ă 95%  , le p au seuil de signification : de 5% de chaque variable indĂ©pendante retenue.
RESULTATS :Sur un total de 370 enquĂȘtĂ©s (124 cas et 246 tĂ©moins),  le cholĂ©ra a touchĂ© toutes les tranches dâĂąge dans les 2 communes enquĂȘtĂ©es de la ville de Goma. LâĂąge de moins de 5 ans Ă©tait  plus touchĂ© avec  28,8 % des cas, suivi de 5 -14 ans soit 21,6 % et de 15 â 24 ans soit 17,6 % . La moyenne dâĂąge des cas et des tĂ©moins Ă©tait de 19,06 ans pour les cas et 19,45 ans pour les tĂ©moins ,avec un Ă©cart-type de 17,77 et 17,95.Le sexe masculin  était plus touchĂ©  avec 53,7%  que  le  sexe fĂ©minin avec 46,3%.La persistance du cholĂ©ra dans la ville de Goma est significativement associĂ© au :  non traitement de lâeau de boisson :[OR=10,721, IC Ă 95% : [8,14337,737] p=0,021] ; Ă la prĂ©sence  des mouches dans les toilettes : [OR=7,049 IC Ă 95% : [2,08216,421] p=0,037 ]; Ă la source  dâapprovisionnement dâeau de boisson non amĂ©liorĂ©e : [OR : 4,689, IC Ă 95% : [1,57315,121] ; p : 0,008], Ă Â la prĂ©sence des matiĂšres fĂ©cales tout autour du trou des toilettes  [OR=2,864 IC Ă 95% : [2,2747,182] p=0,011]; Ă la consommation  des aliments vendus le long de la rue non couvert .[OR=2,233IC Ă 95% : [1,4015,735] p=0,001].
 CONCLUSION: Les facteurs explicatifs de la persistance  de cholera Ă Goma sont : non traitement de lâeau de boisson, la prĂ©sence  des mouches dans les toilettes ,  la source  dâapprovisionnement dâeau de boisson non amĂ©liorĂ©e ,  la prĂ©sence des matiĂšres fĂ©cales tout autour du trou des toilettes  , la consommation  des aliments vendus le long de la rue non couvert.Le cholĂ©ra est une toxi-infection intestinale grave, contagieuse, causĂ©e par lâenterotoxine de V. cholerae des sĂ©rogroupes O1 et O139 associĂ©es Ă des Ă©pidĂ©mies majeures .Câest une urgence de santĂ© publique. Lâobjectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer les facteurs explicatifs de la persistance de lâĂ©pidĂ©mie de cholĂ©ra dans la ville de Goma.
MATERIEL ET METHODE :Une Ă©tude cas-tĂ©moins a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans 2 zones de santĂ© de la ville de Goma (Goma et Karisimbi). LâĂ©chantillon a Ă©tĂ© tirĂ© de la liste linĂ©aire de lâĂ©pidĂ©mie de 2017 (124 cas appariĂ©s aux 246 tĂ©moins), tirĂ©s au hasard au tour des mĂ©nages des cas. Les variables indĂ©pendantes Ă©taient introduites dans le modĂšle de rĂ©gression logistique par le logiciel SPSS 23.0 pour identifier les facteurs significativement associĂ©s Ă la persistance des Ă©pidĂ©mies de cholĂ©ra dans la ville de Goma aprĂšs ajustement des variables indĂ©pendantes les unes sur les autres. Il y a eu calcul dâ ORA : IC Ă 95% , le p au seuil de signification : de 5% de chaque variable indĂ©pendante retenue.
RESULTATS :Sur un total de 370 enquĂȘtĂ©s (124 cas et 246 tĂ©moins), le cholĂ©ra a touchĂ© toutes les tranches dâĂąge dans les 2 communes enquĂȘtĂ©es de la ville de Goma. LâĂąge de moins de 5 ans Ă©tait plus touchĂ© avec 28,8 % des cas, suivi de 5 -14 ans soit 21,6 % et de 15 â 24 ans soit 17,6 % . La moyenne dâĂąge des cas et des tĂ©moins Ă©tait de 19,06 ans pour les cas et 19,45 ans pour les tĂ©moins ,avec un Ă©cart-type de 17,77 et 17,95.Le sexe masculin Ă©tait plus touchĂ© avec 53,7% que le sexe fĂ©minin avec 46,3%.La persistance du cholĂ©ra dans la ville de Goma est significativement associĂ© au : non traitement de lâeau de boisson :[OR=10,721, IC Ă 95% : [8,14337,737] p=0,021] ; Ă la prĂ©sence des mouches dans les toilettes : [OR=7,049 IC Ă 95% : [2,08216,421] p=0,037 ]; Ă la source dâapprovisionnement dâeau de boisson non amĂ©liorĂ©e : [OR : 4,689, IC Ă 95% : [1,57315,121] ; p : 0,008], Ă la prĂ©sence des matiĂšres fĂ©cales tout autour du trou des toilettes [OR=2,864 IC Ă 95% : [2,2747,182] p=0,011]; Ă la consommation des aliments vendus le long de la rue non couvert .[OR=2,233IC Ă 95% : [1,4015,735] p=0,001].
CONCLUSION: Les facteurs explicatifs de la persistance de cholera Ă Goma sont : non traitement de lâeau de boisson ,la prĂ©sence des mouches dans les toilettes , la source dâapprovisionnement dâeau de boisson non amĂ©liorĂ©e , la prĂ©sence des matiĂšres fĂ©cales tout autour du trou des toilettes , la consommation des aliments vendus le long de la rue non couvert
Psychosocial implications of tubal ligation in a rural health district: A phenomenological study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tubal ligation is the most popular family planning method worldwide. While its benefits, such as effectiveness in protecting against pregnancies, minimal need for long-term follow-up and low side-effects profile are well documented, it has many reported complications. However, to date, these complications have not been described by residents in Congo. Therefore, the study aimed at exploring the experience of women who had undergone tubal ligation, focusing on perceptions of physical, psychological and contextual experiences of participants.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This qualitative study used a semi-structured questionnaire in a phenomenological paradigm to collect data. Fifteen participants were purposefully selected among sterilized women who had a ligation procedure performed, were aged between 30 and 40 years, and were living within the catchment area of the district hospital. Data were collected by two registered nurses, tape-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Reading and re-reading cut and paste techniques, and integration were used to establish codes, categories, themes, and description.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Diverse and sometimes opposite changes in somatic symptoms, psychological symptoms, productivity, ecological relationships, doctor-client relationships, ethical issues, and change of life style were the major problem domains.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Clients reported conflicting experiences in several areas of their lives after tubal sterilization. Management, including awareness of the particular features of the client, is needed to decrease the likelihood of psychosocial morbidity and/or to select clients in need of sterilization.</p
Human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: disease distribution and risk
Blood transfusion rate in congolese patients with sickle cell anemia
Objective. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of blood transfusion in African Sickle Cell Patients and the risks related to the use of total blood.
Methods. 186 sickle cell patients (95 males and 91 females) aged 0-21 years were regularly followed over a 3 years period in Katanga province, DR Congo. Indications for blood transfusion were mainly based on clinical criteria and Hb level (less than 5g% ml or a drop of 2g% under the steady state value). All the subjects, who were transfused, wer screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and Human Immune deficit Virus (HIV).
Results. Of 186 patients, 150 (80.6%) were transfused, and the average blood transfusion requirement was 0.4 units per patient-year. According to the age of first transfusion, 75.3% (113/150) of them were transfused before the 6(th) year of life; but the frequency of transfusions seemed to decline in children aged more than 13 years. The risk of HIV infection from blood transfusion was estimated at 1 per 37.1 units or 26 per 1000 blood units. The hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 15 cases (10%) and HIV serology was positive in 17 patients (11.3%).
Conclusion. Because of the complications related to blood transfusions in Africa, efforts are needed in order to reduce the frequency of transfusions, by preventive measures (early diagnosis, malarial and penicillin-prophylaxis) and to use more rational indications
Use of Bio-Resources for Remediation of Soil Pollution
In recent years, economic boom in fast developing countries has been witnessed with spectacular progress in industrialization and concurrent progress in modern agriculture. Such development is however not without any socio-political and environmental side effects. A major concern has been the environmental pollution. If the current unabated disposal of various forms of wastes to agricultural lands is continued, the inherent capacity of soil to support agricultural production and sustain other ecosystem services will be in peril. Heavy metals with soil residence times of thousands of years present numerous health hazards to higher organisms. They are also known to decrease plant growth, ground cover and have a negative impact on soil biodiversity. Inorganic and organic contaminants typically found in urban areas are heavy metals and petroleum derived products. The presence of both types of contaminants on the same site presents technical and economic challenges for decontamination strategies. In this article we have reviewed the developments to ameliorate the contaminated soils, with special emphasis on biological approaches, which have shown potential to low-cost remediation of soil pollution. Also the limitations of such approaches and direction of further research have been highlighted
Neonatal screening for sickle cell anaemia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Experience from a pioneer project on 31 204 newborns
Despite the high prevalence of sickle cell disease in Africa, a neonatal screening programme is available in only a few countries in the sub-Saharan region.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe