14 research outputs found
Incidence, Characteristics and Outcome of Cytomegalovirus, Adenovirus, and BK Virus Co-Infection in Pediatric Recipients of Stem Cell Transplant
Performance of the QuickVue Influenza A+B Rapid Test for Pandemic H1N1 (2009) Virus Infection in Adults
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the QuickVueÂź Influenza A+B rapid test we conducted a prospective observational study in which this rapid test was compared with a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for pandemic influenza A H1N1 (2009) infection in Austrian adults. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the QuickVue test compared with the RT-PCR were 26% (95% CI 18â35), 98% (95% CI 92â100), 94% (95% CI 80â99) and 50% (95% CI 42â58), respectively. The prevalence of pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus infection among the 209 patients included in the study was 57%. Our data suggest that a positive QuickVue test provides considerable information for the diagnosis of pandemic influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus infection in young adults but that a negative QuickVue test result should, if relevant for patient management or public health measures, be verified using PCR
A Model and Risk Score for Predicting Nevirapine-Associated Rash among HIV-infected Patients: In Settings of Low CD4 Cell Counts and Resource Limitation§
Transcriptional Activation of the Adenoviral Genome Is Mediated by Capsid Protein VI
Gene expression of DNA viruses requires nuclear import of the viral genome. Human
Adenoviruses (Ads), like most DNA viruses, encode factors within early
transcription units promoting their own gene expression and counteracting
cellular antiviral defense mechanisms. The cellular transcriptional repressor
Daxx prevents viral gene expression through the assembly of repressive chromatin
remodeling complexes targeting incoming viral genomes. However, it has remained
unclear how initial transcriptional activation of the adenoviral genome is
achieved. Here we show that Daxx mediated repression of the immediate early Ad
E1A promoter is efficiently counteracted by the capsid protein VI. This requires
a conserved PPxY motif in protein VI. Capsid proteins from other DNA viruses
were also shown to activate the Ad E1A promoter independent of Ad gene
expression and support virus replication. Our results show how Ad entry is
connected to transcriptional activation of their genome in the nucleus. Our data
further suggest a common principle for genome activation of DNA viruses by
counteracting Daxx related repressive mechanisms through virion proteins
Consensus statement on the management of invasive candidiasis in intensive care units in the asia-pacific region
Invasive candidiasis has emerged as an important nosocomial infection, especially in critically ill patients. The incidence of candidaemia in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is 5- to 10-fold higher than in the entire hospital and the crude mortality rate of patients with candidaemia is between 35% and 60%. Candida albicans remains the predominant cause of invasive candidiasis in ICUs, followed by Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis. Invasive isolates of Candida spp. remain highly susceptible to fluconazole (> 90% susceptible), although among Asia-Pacific countries the susceptibility rate of C. glabrata to fluconazole varies widely from 22% to 72%. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy are crucial for the effective treatment of invasive candidiasis. However, invasive candidiasis is difficult to diagnose owing to its non-specific clinical features, and delayed therapy is a major contributor to poor outcomes. Combining clinical risk factors with Candida colonisation parameters appears promising for guiding early interventions. Because of considerable regional variability, local epidemiological knowledge is critical in the effective management of invasive candidiasis among ICU patients in Asia-Pacific. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved