Study of malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker in schizophrenia

Background: Schizophrenia is characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behaviour. It has been demonstrated that free radical-mediated damage has an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study was undertaken to study malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker in first episode and chronic schizophrenic patients.Methods: 50 patients of first episode schizophrenia and 50 patients of chronic schizophrenia were included in the study. 50 numbers of age and sex matched healthy and apparently normal controls were also selected for study. Blood samples were drawn and analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) from all participants.Results: The study shows significant increase in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenic patients as compared to controls. When we compared levels of these parameters in first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenics, we did not find significant difference.Conclusions: Findings in our study is suggesting that increase in the levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) occurs due to increased lipid peroxidation in schizophrenics.      

Study of nonenzymatic antioxidants in schizophrenic patients

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders. There is now substantial evidence of increased free radical–mediated damage in schizophrenia. These mechanisms are critical role in etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. The potential toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is counteracted by a large number of cytoprotective enzymes and nonenzymatic anti-oxidants. Endogenous substances like albumin, bilirubin and uric acid play very important defensive role against reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in our body. The present study was undertaken to study nonenzymatic antioxidants i.e. serum albumin, bilirubin and uric acid in first episode and chronic schizophrenic patients.Methods: 50 patients of first episode schizophrenia and 50 patients of chronic schizophrenia were included in the study. 50 numbers of age and sex matched healthy and apparently normal controls were also selected for study. Blood samples were drawn and analysed for albumin, bilirubin and uric acid from all participants.Results: The study shows significant decrease in serum albumin, bilirubin and uric acid levels in both first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenic patients as compared to controls. When we compared levels of these parameters in first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenics, we did not find significant difference.Conclusions: Findings in our study is suggesting that decrease in the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants occurs in attempting neutralization of ROS in schizophrenics. This study supports the defensive role of nonenzymatic antioxidants against ROS in our body

Effect of nitrogen levels on growth and yield of turmeric

An experiment was conducted during 2000-2001 to study the response of two turmeric varieties (Krishna and Selam), five levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120, 150 kg ha-1) on growth and yield. The results indicated that variety Krishna responded favourably for all the characters to the application of 120 kg N ha-1. The maximum rhizome yield of 277.87 and 225.43 q ha-1, respectively was harvested by the application of 120 kg N ha-1 with turmeric variety 'Krishna'. The interaction of nitrogen x variety was significant only for fresh weight of fingers per plant. &nbsp

Modeling and gPROMS based simulation of adsorption process for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous wastewater

40-46The present work studies the performance of Indion 730 (Strong acid) ion exchange resin for the removal of Cu (II). The modeling and gPROMS based simulation is used to study the sorption capacity, equilibrium, and performances of Indion 730 ion exchange resin. The extraction effectiveness of the resin is studied by using breakthrough curves. The experimental and simulation results were compared. A numerical model is proposed for the investigation of the ion exchange phenomenon using gPROMS using various optimized parameters like flow rate, bed height, and initial concentration of wastewater containing Cu (II) heavy metal ion in the column. For instance, the effects of flow rate, bed height, and inlet concentration of heavy metal on a breakthrough curve are investigated in depth. The results illustrate that the predicted theoretical breakthrough curves show analogous patterns with the corresponding investigational output with a discrepancy of the equilibrium time. The predictions of the model will help to discover the optimal conditions of operation

Study of Soiling Loss on Photovoltaic Modules With Artificially Deposited Dust of Different Gravimetric Densities and Compositions Collected From Different Locations in India

Evaluation of soiling loss on photovoltaic (PV) modules in a geographical location involves collecting data from a fielded PV system of that location. This is usually a time-consuming and expensive undertaking. Hence, we propose collecting dust samples from various location of interest, preferably from the module surface, and use them as dust samples so that the soiling experiments can be conducted in the laboratory. In this work, a low-cost artificial dust deposition technique is utilized that could be used to deposit dust on a module surface in a controlled manner, which helps in predicting soiling loss associated with various dust properties, including densities, chemical compositions, and particle sizes. The soil samples covering diverse climatic conditions and six different geographic locations covering all of India were collected and investigated. Soiling loss on a silicon solar cell with Mumbai dust (17.1%) is about two times that of Jodhpur dust (9.8%) for the same soil gravimetric density of 3 g/m(2). The dust collected from Mumbai showed the highest spectral loss, followed by Pondicherry, Agra, Hanle, Jodhpur, and Gurgaon. The worst affected module technology was amorphous silicon (17.7%), followed by cadmium telluride (15.7%), crystalline silicon (15.4%), and CIGS (14.5%) for the same density (1.8 g/m(2)) of dust from Mumbai

Study of nonenzymatic antioxidants in schizophrenic patients

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders. There is now substantial evidence of increased free radical–mediated damage in schizophrenia. These mechanisms are critical role in etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. The potential toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is counteracted by a large number of cytoprotective enzymes and nonenzymatic anti-oxidants. Endogenous substances like albumin, bilirubin and uric acid play very important defensive role against reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in our body. The present study was undertaken to study nonenzymatic antioxidants i.e. serum albumin, bilirubin and uric acid in first episode and chronic schizophrenic patients.Methods: 50 patients of first episode schizophrenia and 50 patients of chronic schizophrenia were included in the study. 50 numbers of age and sex matched healthy and apparently normal controls were also selected for study. Blood samples were drawn and analysed for albumin, bilirubin and uric acid from all participants.Results: The study shows significant decrease in serum albumin, bilirubin and uric acid levels in both first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenic patients as compared to controls. When we compared levels of these parameters in first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenics, we did not find significant difference.Conclusions: Findings in our study is suggesting that decrease in the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants occurs in attempting neutralization of ROS in schizophrenics. This study supports the defensive role of nonenzymatic antioxidants against ROS in our body

Effect of liquid seaweed fertilizer on yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

1115-1117A field experiment was conducted in summer of 2006 to study the effect of liquid seaweed fertilizer (LSF) applied as a foliar spray (conc. 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Control plants were sprayed with water. Yield and nutrition quality of okra fruit got significantly increased (20.47%) at LSF spray (2.5%)

Study of malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker in schizophrenia

Background: Schizophrenia is characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behaviour. It has been demonstrated that free radical-mediated damage has an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study was undertaken to study malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker in first episode and chronic schizophrenic patients.Methods: 50 patients of first episode schizophrenia and 50 patients of chronic schizophrenia were included in the study. 50 numbers of age and sex matched healthy and apparently normal controls were also selected for study. Blood samples were drawn and analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) from all participants.Results: The study shows significant increase in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenic patients as compared to controls. When we compared levels of these parameters in first episode schizophrenics and chronic schizophrenics, we did not find significant difference.Conclusions: Findings in our study is suggesting that increase in the levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) occurs due to increased lipid peroxidation in schizophrenics.      

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF VORTEX GENERATOR IN PERFORATED PLATE-FIN HEAT SINK

Numerousinvestigations had been attempted to enhance the heat transfer rate from the fins. Heat transfer augmentation techniques, Perforations and arrangements of fins are some of the efficient ways to enhance heat transfer. In this study, passive heat transfer augmentation combined with the perforations on fin and numerical simulations were performed for this combined system for different flow conditions characterized by Reynolds Number ranging from 5000 to 40000. The numerical outcomes were validated against the existing experimental data for the solid fin without any perforation. Further, fins with square and circular perforations were investigated for the same flow conditions. Based on the results comparison, in terms of thermal resistance, the circular perforations on the fins provide better heat transfer rate