613 research outputs found
Physical health and the onset and persistence of depression in older adults: an eight-wave prospective community based study.
Background. Poor physical health has long been recognized to be one of the most important risk factors for depression in older adults. Since many aspects of physical health can be targeted for improvement in primary care, it is important to know whether physical health problems predict the onset and/or the persistence of depression. Methods. The study is based on a sample which at the outset consisted of 327 depressed and 325 non-depressed older adults (55-85) drawn from a larger random community-based sample in the Netherlands. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) at eight successive waves. Results. From all incident episodes, the majority (57%) was short-lived. These short episodes could generally not be predicted by physical health problems. The remaining incident episodes (43%) were not short-lived and could be predicted by poor physical health. Chronicity (34%) was also predicted by physical health problems. Conclusions. The study design with its frequent measurements recognized more incident cases than previous studies; these cases however did have a better prognosis than is often assumed. The prognosis of prevalent cases was rather poor. Physical health problems were demonstrated to be a predictor of both the onset and the persistence of depression. This may well have implications for prevention and intervention
Demography of Dialysis and Transplantation in Children in Europe, 1985: Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry
At the end of 1985 there were 5482 patients known to the Registry who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) between the ages of 6 months and 15 years. Of these, approximately 25% had died, 30% were still aged less than 15 years, and the other 45% were older. The acceptance rate of new patients over the last 10 years has slowly but steadily increased; six new paediatric patients per million child population probably represents the likely needs of the near future. Hospital haemodialysis remained the main form of renal replacement therapy in new patients, while 3 years after start of RRT, transplantation became the most frequently used replacement therapy; CAPD appeared to be used mainly in children with a short waiting time for transplantation. Out of the 384 grafts reported in 1985, only 16% were from living related donors; among 321 cadaver grafts, 24% were second and only 3% were third grafts. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis accounted for 50% of all primary renal diseases. During the last 5 years, the proportion with glomerulonephritis seems to have decreased slightly. Hyperkalaemia and fluid overload have still to be considered the main causes of death. Only in 17% of all cases was the cause of death reported as unknown or undetermine
Parity Fluctuations Between Coulomb Blockaded Superconducting Islands
We find that if two superconducting islands of different number parity are
linked by a tunnel junction the unpaired electron in the odd island has a
tendency to tunnel into the even island. This process leads to fluctuations in
time of the number parity of each island, giving rise to a random telegraph
noise spectrum with a characteristic frequency that has an unusual temperature
dependence. This new phenomenon should be observable in a Cooper-pair pump and
similar single-electron tunneling devices.Comment: 4 pages, self-unpacking uuencoded gz-compressed postscript file with
3 figures included; also available at
http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/janko/publications.htm
Kidney Transplantation in Primary Oxalosis: Data From the EDTA Registry
This paper reports the results of 98 first kidney transplantations in patients with oxalosis as the primary renal disease as recorded by the EDTA Registry. There were 79 patients who received a cadaveric (CAD) graft and 15 patients with a living related donor (LRD) graft; the type of donor was not recorded for four patients. Initial graft survival appeared to be better after LRD as compared to CAD grafts but at 3 years the poor survival was similar with 23% for LRD and 17% for CAD grafts. CAD graft survival did not differ between children and adults and was not affected by the waiting time on dialysis. A slight improvement was observed in grafts performed in the years 1983-1986 as compared to grafts performed in earlier years. The causes of failure reported were mainly rejection (33%) and recurrence of primary renal disease (31%). In view of the poor results related to recurrence of oxalosis in the graft, the potential ofcombined kidney and liver transplantation is discusse
The Use of Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis in Europe for the Treatment of Children with End-Stage Renal Failure: Data from the EDTA Registry
The demographic data on the use of continuous peritoneal dialysis in Europe for children starting renal replacement therapy under the age of 15 years was obtained from data collected by the Registry of the European Dialysis and Transplant AssociationâEuropean Renal Association (EDTA Registry) on individual patient questionnaires 1980-1986. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and its variants appeared to be increasingly utilised as treatment for children with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and accounted for approximately 25% of all renal replacement therapy (RRT). Important differences in its use in various European countries are demonstrated. The proportional contribution of CAPD to treatment was higher during the first year of RRT and gradually decreased thereafter. No significant sex differences existed in the use of this treatment. Approximately 70% of all patients on CAPD were older than 6 years of age, but it is in those under 6 years that the highest proportion are put on CAPD as first method of treatment for end-stage renal failure. The most common cause of abandonment of this treatment was peritonitis, which contributed 50% of the drop-out rat
Inter-cluster reactivity of Metallo-aromatic and anti-aromatic Compounds and Their Applications in Molecular Electronics: A Theoretical Investigation
Local reactivity descriptors such as the condensed local softness and Fukui
function have been employed to investigate the inter-cluster reactivity of the
metallo-aromatic (Al4Li- and Al4Na-) and anti-aromatic (Al4Li4 and Al4Na4)
compounds. We use the concept of group softness and group Fukui function to
study the strength of the nucleophilicity of the Al4 unit in these compounds.
Our analysis shows that the trend of nucleophilicity of the Al4 unit in the
above clusters is as follows;
Al4Li- > Al4Na- > Al4Li4 > Al4Na 4
For the first time we have used the reactivity descriptors to show that these
clusters can act as electron donating systems and thus can be used as a
molecular cathode.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure and 1 table of conten
Critical properties of two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays with zero-point quantum fluctuations
We present results from an extensive analytic and numerical study of a
two-dimensional model of a square array of ultrasmall Josephson junctions. We
include the ultrasmall self and mutual capacitances of the junctions, for the
same parameter ranges as those produced in the experiments. The model
Hamiltonian studied includes the Josephson, , as well as the charging,
, energies between superconducting islands. The corresponding quantum
partition function is expressed in different calculationally convenient ways
within its path-integral representation. The phase diagram is analytically
studied using a WKB renormalization group (WKB-RG) plus a self-consistent
harmonic approximation (SCHA) analysis, together with non-perturbative quantum
Monte Carlo simulations. Most of the results presented here pertain to the
superconductor to normal (S-N) region, although some results for the insulating
to normal (I-N) region are also included. We find very good agreement between
the WKB-RG and QMC results when compared to the experimental data. To fit the
data, we only used the experimentally determined capacitances as fitting
parameters. The WKB-RG analysis in the S-N region predicts a low temperature
instability i.e. a Quantum Induced Transition (QUIT). We carefully simulations
and carry out a finite size analysis of as a function of the
magnitude of imaginary time axis . We find that for some relatively
large values of (, the
limit does appear to give a {\it non-zero} , while
for , . We use the SCHA to analytically understand
the dependence of the QMC results with good agreement between them.
Finally, we also carried out a WKB-RG analysis in the I-N region and found no
evidence of a low temperature QUIT, up to lowest order in Comment: 39 pages, 18 postscript figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Electron affinities of the first- and second- row atoms: benchmark ab initio and density functional calculations
A benchmark ab initio and density functional (DFT) study has been carried out
on the electron affinities of the first- and second-row atoms. The ab initio
study involves basis sets of and quality, extrapolations to
the 1-particle basis set limit, and a combination of the CCSD(T), CCSDT, and
full CI electron correlation methods. Scalar relativistic and spin-orbit
coupling effects were taken into account. On average, the best ab initio
results agree to better than 0.001 eV with the most recent experimental
results. Correcting for imperfections in the CCSD(T) method improves the mean
absolute error by an order of magnitude, while for accurate results on the
second-row atoms inclusion of relativistic corrections is essential. The latter
are significantly overestimated at the SCF level; for accurate spin-orbit
splitting constants of second-row atoms inclusion of (2s,2p) correlation is
essential. In the DFT calculations it is found that results for the 1st-row
atoms are very sensitive to the exchange functional, while those for second-row
atoms are rather more sensitive to the correlation functional. While the LYP
correlation functional works best for first-row atoms, its PW91 counterpart
appears to be preferable for second-row atoms. Among ``pure DFT'' (nonhybrid)
functionals, G96PW91 (Gill 1996 exchange combined with Perdew-Wang 1991
correlation) puts in the best overall performance. The best results overall are
obtained with the 1-parameter hybrid modified Perdew-Wang (mPW1) exchange
functionals of Adamo and Barone [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 108}, 664 (1998)], with
mPW1LYP yielding the best results for first-row, and mPW1PW91 for second-row
atoms. Indications exist that a hybrid of the type mPW1LYP +
mPW1PW91 yields better results than either of the constituent functionals.Comment: Phys. Rev. A, in press (revised version, review of issues concerning
DFT and electron affinities added
Jet Substructure at the Tevatron and LHC: New results, new tools, new benchmarks
In this report we review recent theoretical progress and the latest
experimental results in jet substructure from the Tevatron and the LHC. We
review the status of and outlook for calculation and simulation tools for
studying jet substructure. Following up on the report of the Boost 2010
workshop, we present a new set of benchmark comparisons of substructure
techniques, focusing on the set of variables and grooming methods that are
collectively known as "top taggers". To facilitate further exploration, we have
attempted to collect, harmonise, and publish software implementations of these
techniques.Comment: 53 pages, 17 figures. L. Asquith, S. Rappoccio, C. K. Vermilion,
editors; v2: minor edits from journal revision
Interplay of Linker Functionalization and Hydrogen Adsorption in the MetalâOrganic Framework MIL-101
Functionalization of metalâorganic frameworks results in higher hydrogen uptakes owing to stronger hydrogenâhost interactions. However, it has not been studied whether a given functional group acts on existing adsorption sites (linker or metal) or introduces new ones. In this work, the effect of two types of functional groups on MIL-101 (Cr) is analyzed. Thermal-desorption spectroscopy reveals that the âBr ligand increases the secondary building unitâs hydrogen affinity, while the âNH2 functional group introduces new hydrogen adsorption sites. In addition, a subsequent introduction of âBr and âNH2 ligands on the linker results in the highest hydrogen-store interaction energy on the cationic nodes. The latter is attributed to a push-and-pull effect of the linkers
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