Antidandruff activity of Cassia auriculata and Cassia alata through fatty acids mediated inhibition of Malassezia furfur

Susceptibility of Malassezia furfur to certain medium chain fatty acids shed light onto novel strategies to control dandruff. This study explored antidandruff activity of the fatty acids and other bioactive compounds from flowers of Cassia auriculata and Cassia alata. The idea was supplementing the growth medium with fatty acids which are inhibitory to Malassezia so that plant-based antidandruff formulations could be developed based on the results. Chloroform and ethanolic flower extracts were tested there in vitro efficacy against M. furfur and the potential antidandruff compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for both the extracts and IC50 values of 50 and 88 µM for chloroform extract of C. auriculata and C. alata were recorded. For ethanol extract, IC50 values of 75 and 70 µM were exhibited by C. auriculata and C. alata, respectively. Inhibition of M. furfur through fatty acids from Cassia is the first report, and it is possible to include specific fatty acids in the growth media to inhibit the growth of Malassezia which could be later served as lead molecules in antidandruff formulations. Further, the presence of citronellol, pinitol, anthracenedione and chrysine in Cassia flower extracts and their antidandruff activity reported in this study needed further research on those compounds to formulate effective treatment of Malassezia associated diseases

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Not AvailableAntimicrobial chitosan films were prepared with acetic acid and propionic acid with glycerol as plasticizer and its efficiency was compared with polyester-polyethylene laminate (PEST/LDPE). The tensile strength of acetic acid/chitosan (ACS) films were higher than propionic acid/chitosan (PCS) films. The elongation percentage (6.43–11.3) and water vapour permeability (0.015–0.03 g/m2/day) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for chitosan films when compared to control. Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of control and propionic acid/chitosan (PCS) films were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than acetic acid/chitosan (ACS) films. Dried anchovy (Stolephorus indicus) wrapped in these films were stored at ambient temperature for three months. Quality indices like peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) and microbiological parameters such as aerobic plate count (APC) and total fungal count (TFC) were periodically determined. In terms of microbial and chemical indices, anchovies wrapped in ACS and PCS films were superior to those wrapped with PEST/LDPE films during storage. Study revealed the suitability of chitosan film as wraps for increasing storage stability of dried fish.Not Availabl

Protostylid: A case series

Human jaws and teeth display a high degree of morphological individuality as they represent personal, family and population characteristics. A protostylid is a supernumerary or accessory cusp located on the mesial half of the buccal surface on the molars that may seldom pose problems while its presence may not be a cause for alarm in most instances. This case report presents a rare finding of protostylid on the buccal surface of the primary molars in 4 children. From the perspective of forensic dentistry, this morphological feature, though uncommon, may be useful for classification and identification of victims in mass causalities and bite marks on bodies or inanimate objects

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Not AvailableBeing a natural biopolymer having excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, chitosan and its derivatives are extensively used for biomedical, agricultural and other healthcare applications. Chemical modifications made to chitosan can make it more or less toxic and can modulate biodegradation rate. In this study, composite polymeric films of chitosan were made by conventional solvent casting method followed by vacuum drying. In vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation were evaluated by subcutaneous implantation of the developed polymeric films in experimental rats. Briefly, the animals were divided into five groups of two animals each, namely, chitosan, chitosan/chondroitin sulfate, CZC chitosan/ zinc acetate/chondroitin sulfate, chitosan/zinc acetate and polypropylene control. Subcutaneous incision of 1 cm2 was made on the dorsal side of rats and the developed films were inserted in respective groups under sterile conditions after giving proper anesthesia. The wounds were sutured and animals were carefully monitored for any adverse pathological changes. No visible signs of tissue damage or inflammation were observed during the evaluation period. Body weight was monitored on weekly basis, and the animals were sacrificed after two months. The implanted material along with the surrounding tissue was excised and evaluated. Gross observation and histopathological evaluation of the excised tissue along with the implanted film showed absence of inflammatory cells and non- toxic nature of the biomaterial in all experimental groups except in polypropylene control. Masson’s trichrome staining exhibited collagen deposition around the implanted material which indicates favorable tissue response and biocompatibility. Better tissue biocompatibility was observed for composite polymeric films compared to bare chitosan film. It was interesting to note that the architecture of implanted chitosan-zinc acetate-Chondroitin sulphate film showed enhanced biodegradation during the course of tissue regeneration.Not Availabl

I Sent It: Where Does Slow Data Go to Wait?

Emerging applications like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and 360-degree video aim to exploit the unprecedentedly low latencies promised by technologies like the tactile Internet and mobile 5G networks. Yet these promises are still unrealized. In order to fulfill them, it is crucial to understand where packet delays happen, which impacts protocol performance such as throughput and latency. In this work, we empirically find that sender-side protocol stack delays can cause high end-to-end latencies, though existing solutions primarily address network delays. Unfortunately, however, current latency diagnosis tools cannot even distinguish between delays on network links and delays in the end hosts. To close this gap, we present ELEMENT, a latency diagnosis framework that decomposes end-to-end TCP latency into endhost and network delays, without requiring admin privileges at the sender or receiver. We validate that ELEMENT achieves more than 90% accuracy in delay estimation compared to the ground truth in different production networks. To demonstrate ELEMENT&apos;s potential impact on real-world applications, we implement a relatively simple user-level library that uses ELEMENT to minimize delays. For evaluation, we integrate ELEMENT with legacy TCP applications and show that it can reduce latency by up to 10 times while maintaining throughput and fairness. We finally demonstrate that ELEMENT can significantly reduce the latency of a virtual reality application that needs extremely low latencies and high throughput

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Not AvailableA fish species belongs to Bembrops family (Perciforms: Perchophidae) with unique fluorescence is reported for the first time from Arabian Sea, India. DNA barcoding performed using NCBI database has confirmed that it is a new species in Bembrops genus. This species may be considered as new introduction to the Arabian Sea. This record explains the exclusivity of the species.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAbstract Nutritional database on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids profile of myctophid fish species from Arabian Sea is relatively scanty. In this study, the omega-3 fatty acids [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] profile of four myctophid species of fishes (Benthosema pterotum, Benthosema fibulatum, Diaphus jenseni, Myctophum spinosum) caught from Arabian Sea was compared with commerson’s anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii) to evaluate their nutritional quality for human health benefits. The protein content of myctophid fishes ranged between 19.36% for Myctophum spinosum to 13.74% for Benthosema pterotum. Total fat (3.64%) and moisture content (81.03%) were high in Benthosema pterotum (3.64%). Stolephorus commersonii was found to have higher ash content (3.23%). Myctophid omega-3 PUFA profile is comparable to Commenrson’s anchovy fatty acid composition. Presence of higher DHA content in M. spinosum (20.2%), B. pterotum (17.48%) was comparable to edible S. commersonii (16.9%) emphasizes that these underutilized non-edible myctophids may be considered as a potential nutrient resource of omega- 3 PUFA especially DHA for the formulation of nutraceuticals, cosmetics and animal feeds.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNutritional database on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids profile of myctophid fish species from Arabian Sea is relatively scanty. In this study, the omega-3 fatty acids [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] profile of four myctophid species of fishes (Benthosema pterotum, Benthosema fibulatum, Diaphus jenseni, Myctophum spinosum) caught from Arabian Sea was compared with commerson’s anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii) to evaluate their nutritional quality for human health benefits. The protein content of myctophid fishes ranged between 19.36% for Myctophum spinosum to 13.74% for Benthosema pterotum. Total fat (3.64%) and moisture content (81.03%) were high in Benthosema pterotum (3.64%). Stolephorus commersonii was found to have higher ash content (3.23%). Myctophid omega-3 PUFA profile is comparable to Commenrson’s anchovy fatty acid composition. Presence of higher DHA content in M. spinosum (20.2%), B. pterotum (17.48%) was comparable to edible S. commersonii (16.9%) emphasizes that these underutilized non-edible myctophids may be considered as a potential nutrient resource of omega3 PUFA especially DHA for the formulation of nutraceuticals, cosmetics and animal feeds.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableQuality and nutritional value of food are important, since there is an increasing awareness on the need for consumption of healthy diet among the public. Fish and fishery products are vital constituents of a healthy diet as it includes essential fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and other functional nutritional components. Although there is an increased awareness on the importance of exploring nutritive significance of fish in human nutrition, there is little information on the biochemical composition and nutritive values of fishes available in Gujarat coast. In the present study, four marine fishes of Gujarat coast such as dagger-tooth pike conger (Muraenesox cinereus), large scale tongue sole (Cynoglossus arel), goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) and saddle grunt (Pomadasys maculatus), which are abundantly available in West coast of Indian waters, were evaluated for their proximate composition and fatty acid content.Not Availabl