Determinants of Borrowing Behaviour of Farmers – A Comparative Study of Commercial and Co-operative Banks

The preference of farmers between commercial and co-operative banks for borrowing has been studied with the objectives of finding (a) distribution of institutional credit across various categories of farmers and to assess the coverage and quantum of credit, and (b) socio-economic factors which affect the borrowing behaviour of farmers towards commercial and co-operative banks. In the study, based on 100 farmer borrowers, the discriminant analysis has been carried out. The study has offered some suggestions also for a better access of farmers to institutional credit.Agricultural and Food Policy,

The Patron and the Needy Virtue in Sangam Literature

Sangha literature is the repository of Tamil culture. In Sangam literature, Sangam texts have been created by the poets to describe the ancient people, the kings who were the leaders of the people, their ways of life and virtues like valor, love, and gift. Before the emergence of poets, there were oral singers named Panar (singers), Porunar (soldiers), Koothar (dancers), and Viraliyar (female songsters). The writing form was not in use in their time. There was only the pleasure of listening through the ears. The poets who found their way in education and created Sangam texts and the great men who found their way in artistic life, like Panar, Porunar, Koothar, and Viraliyar, who were the basis for the emergence of Sangam literature, have moved from place to place. Through the Sangam texts, it is known that many of these great people have suffered in poverty and weakness. Although these great people lived in poverty, they lived well even in poverty. To overcome their poverty and suffering, they sought kings and princes who could appreciate their talent and merit. These benevolent patrons fed those who came looking for them, relieved them from hunger and tiredness, gave them sustenance and alleviated their poverty, supported them and gave them life. The Sangam songs are used in this article to demonstrate the character of the poets who sought assistance, their noble minds, the excellence of charity, the usefulness of the patrons who have protected these great ones, the virtue of charity, the kind heart, the excellence of gifts, the gifts given by the patrons, the acts of kindness of ordinary citizens, and so on

K.N.Subramanian’s Novel Poithevu and the Concept of God

From ancient times, the gods and the rites of worship have undergone various changes to protect the needs of human life. In Poithevu novel, which is based on these ideas, while we examine the values of God, we glorify today’s basic necessities and the thoughts associated with them, as well as our efforts, thoughts, dreams, desires, power, selfish influence, and fame as Gods. We get all of these accolades with great effort. We relish what we receive. At one point, we realize ourselves, and understand the instability of life. In the state of comprehending the instability of life, all these estimates of man that have been glorified as God turn out to be false. He has created a novel depicting that God is not false, but the people who created God as an instrument for their needs, lied about what they portrayed. Although the novel received much criticism in its time, the work of K.N.S., which emphasized the idea that man should realize God without falsehood while he was alive, is thoughtful and relevant. This article, thus, establishes through scholarly explanations, how his opinion of man creating God and worshiping the deities for the protection of selfish needs from time to time is appropriate

Heed to Lead: A Key to Listening Skill

Abstract Listening is considered as an important part of communication skills. The listeners have to listen acutely to enhance their skills. When listening is done consciously the communication bond improves better among the communicators. In order to understand any language, one has to eavesdrop keenly. At first, when we came into the world we started listening and naturally developed our mother tongue. Likewise, to maintain good bond among our fellow human beings we have to lend our ears to their emotions. Stop incessant listening to electronic gadgets and social media and give importance to the conscious feelings of our people. Listening skills fabricates the rapport and encourages understanding of the fellow human beings by feelings and their point of views. When one regularly follows active listening, he/she can add information and kindle new ideas and solve problems. Altogether it helps to progress communication and provides solution to overcome obstacles in bonding language and life

The Impact of the Pandemic on Children with Autism in Bangalore

The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant lockdown disrupted life for the entire population. This disruption has been particularly stressful for the autism population, who need structure and routine to regulate their daily lives. This paper uses case vignettes from an early intervention centre to highlight the challenges faced by children on the autism spectrum. Observations  suggest that the disruptions in routine and therapy services led to increased sleep difficulties, behavioural challenges and also affected language development for these children. Some suggestions to ameliorate the situation are discussed and the need for taking this learning forward is underscored

Rajam Krishnan's Roja Ithalgal Novel

Literature is what portrays the human life in society. Notable among those literature is novels. Author Rajam Krishnan through his novel Roja Ithalgal not only highlights the problems faced by women in the society but also brings out the solutions for the problems and makes people aware of it. In this novel, the main character is a girl who falls in love in her youth. After that she is chased out of the house. That was her first problem and it becomes the main reason for her upcoming problems. Humans make mistakes. But you should give a chance to correct it. But this girl is not given a chance. Through this the author says that it is important to discipline people. In this novel, although many problems for women are caused by men, the author points out that there are some good men too. The author of this novel reveals the status of women in politics. In this article we can read that even though the country gained independence, women lacks freedom. The author says in this novel that when many problems occur to women, it is the majority of the women who help them to come out of the problems. Descriptive method is used in this article

Thilakavathy's Unakagava Naan Novel

The author of the novel Unkakagava Naan deals with the problems faced by women in the society and it also brings out how those women overcomes many obstacles and succeeds in life. This article highlights the sufferings of the woman named Pragathi in this novel. This article tells us that no matter how educated a woman is, she is always known for her beauty. And the author narrates her hardships from her father to the teacher who comes to teach her. It also highlights her migration from Tamil Nadu to Kolkata, marriage interrupted several times and waiting as an old woman. It captures her perspective on men. Later she married a boy named Tarun and expressed her love to him. Marrying someone who is less educated thanher and promoting him in life is a very great thing and she raised him to big level. The purpose of this article is to raise the status of the woman through her knowledge to fight the hardships

Structural and physical properties of SrMn1−xRuxO3SrMn_{1-x}Ru_xO_3 perovskites

We combine the results of magnetic and transport measurements with neutron diffraction data to construct the structural and magnetic phase diagram of the entire family of SrMn$_{1-x}$Ru$_{x}$O$_3$ ($0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1$) perovskites. We have found antiferromagnetic ordering of the C type for lightly Ru-substituted materials ($0.06 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.5$) in a similar manner to $R_{y}$Sr$_{1-y}$MnO$_3$ ($R$=La, Pr), due to the generation of Mn$^{3+}$ in both families of manganite perovskites by either $B$-site substitution of Ru$^{5+}$ for Mn$^{4+}$ or $A$-site substitution of $R^{3+}$ for Sr$^{2+}$. This similarity is driven by the same ratio of $d^4$ / $d^3$ ions in both classes of materials for equivalent substitution level. In both cases, a tetragonal lattice distortion is observed, which for some compositions ($0.06 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.2$) is coupled to a C-type AF transition and results in a first order magnetic and resistive transition. Heavily substituted SrMn$_{1-x}$Ru$_{x}$O$_3$ materials are ferromagnetic due to dominating exchange interactions between the Ru$^{4+}$ ions. Intermediate substitution ($0.6 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.7$) leads to a spin-glass behavior instead of a quantum critical point reported previously in single crystals, due to enhanced disorder.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

The usage of gold and the investment analysis based on gold rate in India

Gold is one of the main commodities where the customers invest their money comparatively with bank for better interest. In the Indian context people purchase gold for their children’s marriages for later period. The investment in gold is better suits for easy conversion into money with quickest possible time from the bank and gold merchants. The appreciation or depreciation of gold based on other investment options like fixed deposit, provident fund, international crude oil price, stock market, mutual fund etc. The comparative analysis of gold with other investment options give an edge to the customer to clearly understand the investment pattern for their hard-earned money expected to give good returns in the future