Shelf life extension of minimally processed vegetables using combinations of bacterial bioprotection and modified atmosphere packaging

The objective of the work: to study the effect of combination of bacterial bioprotective cultures and modified atmosphere packaging for prolonging the refrigerated storage period of minimally processed vegetables. Sweet pepper, zucchini, eggplant, celery stalks were used for preparation of minimally processed vegetables. SafePro® bio-products from Chr. Hansen (Denmark) containing strains of Lactobacillus sakei, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus сurvatus, Leuconostoc carnosum were used as bioconservatives. For packaging minimally processed vegetables, the bags made of flat multilayer PA/adhesive/PE films and composite PET/A1/PE film material were used. The bags were filled with gas mixtures including nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Storage of packaged minimally processed vegetables was carried out in a refrigerator at a temperature of (4 ± 2) °C for 16 days. The viability of cultures Lactobacillus sakei, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc carnosum in modified atmosphere packaging was studied. It was revealed that the gas mixture of 60% nitrogen and 40% carbon dioxide and the culture of Lactobacillus sakei contribute to the preservation of the quality of fresh-cutsweet pepper, eggplant and zucchini, and Leuconostoc carnosum is the more effective for celery storing. In the process of refrigerated storage for 14 days, the solids content in the experimental samples increased 1.3–2.1 times, the loss of organic substances was 26–50%, depending on the type of vegetables. The developed technology for the refrigeration preservation of minimally processed vegetables using bio-products treatment and in modified atmosphere packaging made it possible to increase the shelf life of fresh-cut vegetables by 2 times

Statistics of Neutron Stars at the Stage of Supersonic Propeller

We analyze the statistical distribution of neutron stars at the stage of a supersonic propeller. An important point of our analysis is allowance for the evolution of the angle of inclination of the magnetic axis to the spin axis of the neutron star for the boundary of the transition to the supersonic propeller stage for two models: the model with hindered particle escape from the stellar surface and the model with free particle escape. As a result, we have shown that a consistent allowance for the evolution of the inclination angle in the region of extinct radio pulsars for the two models leads to an increase in the total number of neutron stars at the supersonic propeller stage. This increase stems from he fact that when allowing for the evolution of the inclination angle $\chi$ for neutron stars in the region of extinct radio pulsars and, hence, for the boundary of the transition to the propeller stage, this transition is possible at shorter spin periods (P~5-10 s) than assumed in the standard model.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures; scale corrected for figures 3-

Modification of the transmission spectrum of the ”semiconductor-dielectric” photonic crystal in an external magnetic field

In this paper, some features of electromagnetic transmission of the waves of ”semiconductor dielectric” periodic Bragg structure with a finite number of periods have been investigated. In the absence of absorption, for a structure with p-type semiconductor layers, we have analyzed the dependences on the external magnetic field of photon spectrum and transmission coefficient spectrum. It has been shown that with an increasing magnetic field, there is a significant narrowing of bandwidth and broadening of band gaps, as well as formation of new band gaps in the resonance region. The boundaries of all forbidden and allowed bands are shifted to higher frequencies with the increase of the angle of radiation incidence

Efficacy and safety of various brimonidine formulations in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Purpose. To present data on the mechanism of action, efficacy, and side effects of various brimonidine dosage forms in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Material and methods. To perform the review, literature sources were searched through the PubMed and Scopus databases up to and including 2021, using the keywords «brimonidine», «efficacy», «safety», «glaucoma medication». A total of 36 articles related to the topic of the review were selected. The beginning of publications on this topic dates back to 1995.Results. Brimonidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, effectively reduces intraocular pressure and can be used as monotherapy, adjuvant and replacement therapy. The effectiveness of brimonidine is similar to that of timolol and prevails over betaxolol but inferior to prostaglandin analogues. The new drug formulation brimonidine-purite 0.15% has a more favorable safety and tolerability profile than the original brimonidine 0.2% while maintaining similar efficacy. However, most patients require two or more hypotensive medications to maintain target IOP. In this context, brimonidine is one of the most appropriate drugs because of its pr oven efficacy when combined with other classes of hypotensive drugs.Conclusion. Brimonidine can be used as monotherapy for glaucoma and ophthalmic hypertension. Experimental and clinical studies have shown a potential neuroprotective effect of brimonidine, which is associated with a direct effect on retinal cells, regardless of the effect of the drug on intraocular pressure

ВЛИЯНИЕ ОСНОВНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ И СРЕДСТВ ХИМИЗАЦИИ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ГОРОХА ПОСЕВНОГО В ПОДТАЕЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

The publication studies influence of the primary tillage and complex chemicals on crop yield and quality of garden pea in respect to the climate conditions of sub-taiga zone in Western Siberia. It outlines interactions between elements of crop yield and plants productivity; it estimates economic and bioenergetics efficiency of applying of different agricultural technologies on garden pea cultivating. The most favourable agrophysical condition of the layer equal to 0–30 sm and density 1,15 g/sm3 was observed when surface tilling. Sub-surface tillage and surface tillage resulted in soil density up to 1,18 g/sm3. Deeper fall tillage (on average 193–194 mm) favours to great moisture content in the soil layer. Surface tillage favours to moisture concentration less (on 16mm or 8.5 %) and is equal to the lowest level of moisture. Subsurface tillage and surface tillage with no herbicides prevent weeds less than ploughing. The paper points out that content of impurity in soil-protective covers was increased on 21–34 un/m2, or 88–107 g/m2, and dangerous, hazardous and harmful species are increased. The authors recommend applying of resource saving technologies of soil protection tillage in cases of applying mineral fertilizers and herbicides for good pea yield. They reckon it is efficient to  apply technologies of high energy in order to get high pea yields and conserve the soil fertility.Применительно к агроклиматическим условиям подтаежной зоны Западной Сибири проведено комплексное изучение влияния основной обработки почвы и средств комплексной химизации на урожайность и качество зерна гороха посевного. Установлены зависимости между элементами структуры урожая и продуктивностью растений. Проведена оценка экономической и биоэнергетической эффективности применения различных агротехнологий возделывания гороха посевного. Более благоприятное для культуры агрофизическое состояние слоя 0–30 см по показателю плотности (1,15 г/см 3 ) наблюдалось по отвальной обработке. Безотвальная и поверхностная обработки приводили к уплотнению почвы до 1,18 г/см 3 . Формированию более высоких влагозапасов в метровом слое почвы к посеву благоприятствовали варианты с более глубокой зяблевой обработкой (в среднем 193–194 мм). При поверхностной обработке влаги накапливалось существенно меньше (на 16 мм, или 8,5%), при этом ее содержание было на уровне наименьшей влагоёмкости. Без применения гербицидов безотвальная и поверхностная обработки почвы под горох значительно хуже справляются с подавлением сорной растительности в отличие от вспашки. Засоренность по почвозащитным вариантам повышалась на 21–34 шт./м 2 , или 88–107 г/м 2 , при этом происходит увеличение доли более злостных и трудноискоренимых видов. В вариантах с использованием минеральных удобрений и гербицидов для получения стабильных урожаев гороха с сохранением плодородия почвы рекомендуется применение ресурсосберегающих почвозащитных обработок почвы. Для получения более высоких урожаев гороха хорошего качества в хозяйствах с достаточным материальным обеспечением следует использовать технологии с высокими энергетическими затратами

On the Question of Pedagogical Digital Competence

Educational institutions develop professional training programs for teachers so they could bring technology into the classroom and take the quality of education to a new level. However, despite the measures being adopted, a number of researchers report unsatisfying results. One of the root causes of this situation seems to be the absence of clear understanding of what the notions of digital competence and pedagogical digital competence are supposed to include. This problem is tightly connected with the problem of creating a framework for the development of digital skills of an instructor. On one hand, there is a demand for universal models that would include a wide range of pedagogical digital skills. There is a demand for universal models, which would include the widest possible range of digital competences of a teacher. Among them there are such existing frameworks as DigiCompEdu, ICT CFT, TETCs, which cover numerous aspects of instructors’ work. Meanwhile, there is the lack of models that would structurize the professional practice of a teacher at the micro level of using a digital instrument. There is a necessity for the framework comprising a limited set of primary basic skills which would be universal enough to be applicable to operating any kind of technology. In the article, we propose a version of this type of a framework