Abordaje de problemas crónicos en atención primaria mediante el modelo tareas orientadas a los procesos de cuidado (TOPIC)

The integrative approach to care for patients demands training to evaluate frequent chronic problems in the outpatient clinic. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and asthma can be approach using models of evaluations such as the TOPIC that allows to order the evaluations in a structured sequence of four mayor tasks: processing of the information, development of an adequate physician-patient-family relationship and integrating information and learning for life. Processing information implies four sub-activities in which we evaluate patient´s expectations and concerns, severity and control of conditions, adherence and side effects of treatments focusing on damage to target organs and comorbidities. Applying this model can help physicians and their patients to be more efficient in managing chronic problems considering the short time available for ambulatory care.El cuidado integral de las personas demanda un entrenamiento para atender problemas crónicos frecuentes en la consulta ambulatoria. Los casos de hipertensión, diabetes mellitus y asma pueden ser abordados mediante modelos de atención en la práctica ambulatoria del primer nivel de atención; uno de ellos es el modelo TOPIC (del inglés: Task-Oriented Processes in Care), el cual permite ordenar la consulta en una secuencia estructurada de cuatro tareas mayores: procesamiento de la información, desarrollo de una adecuada relación médico-paciente-familia, integración de la información y aprendizaje de por vida. El procesamiento de la información contempla cuatro sub-actividades en las que se evalúa las expectativas y preocupaciones del paciente, la gravedad y el control de las condiciones, la adherencia y los efectos adversos del tratamiento, se analiza los daños de órgano blanco propios de la enfermedad y se revisan las comorbilidades. La aplicación de este modelo puede ayudar a los médicos y sus pacientes a ser más eficientes en el manejo de problemas crónicos, teniendo en cuenta el poco tiempo del que se dispone en una consulta ambulatoria

Advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea : a systematical review with emphasis on colostrum management and fluid therapy

Neonatal calf diarrhoea remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy calves worldwide. This complex disease can be triggered by both infectious and non-infectious causes. The four most important enteropathogens leading to neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea are Escherichia coli, rota-and coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium parvum. Besides treating diarrhoeic neonatal dairy calves, the veterinarian is the most obvious person to advise the dairy farmer on prevention and treatment of this disease. This review deals with prevention and treatment of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea focusing on the importance of a good colostrum management and a correct fluid therapy

Percepción del bullying, gestión de conflictos y clima escolar en directivos y docentes de centros educativos

In order to explore the relationship between management skills to negotiate conflicts, the perception of bullying and school organizational climate presented by principals and teachers of schools, was investigated for the estates management and teaching from six education. Data collection was done through three instruments: the Organizational Social Climate Questionnaire and two others that were specially adapted to our environment: the scale of perceived bullying teachers and administrators at Schools and Test Management Skills Negotiation in Conflict. Information was collected through a descriptive design and correlational, with a circumstantial non-probability sampling the study population. To quantify the results are applied the statistical nonparametric Kendall Tau to establish correlations between these variables. Finally, we conclude that when the organizational climate school principals shown autocratic presented higher prevalence of peer harassment in schools, whereas, when the school organizational climate has permanent network of friendship and support among teachers, will present a lower prevalence of peer harassment in schools.Con el objetivo de explorar la relacion entre las habilidades de gestión para la negociación de conflictos, la percepción del bullying y el clima organizacional en la escuela que presentan los directivos y docentes de centros educativos, se investigó a los estamentos directivo y docente de seis centros educativos. La obtención de datos se hizo a través de tres instrumentos: el Cuestionario de Clima Social Organizacional y otros dos que fueron especialmente adaptados a nuestro medio: la escala de percepción de bullying en docentes y directivos de Centros Educativos y el Test de Habilidades para la Gestión en la Negociación de Conflictos. Se recogió la informacion mediante un diseño de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, con un muestreo no probabilístico circunstancial de la población a estudiar. Para cuantificar los resultados se aplicó el estadístico no paramétrico Tau de Kendall para establecer las correlaciones entre las variables mencionadas. Finalmente, se concluye que cuando en el clima organizacional escolar los directores que se muestran autocráticos se presenta mayor prevalencia de acoso entre pares en los centros educativos; mientras que, cuando en el clima organizacional escolar se presenta red permanente de amistad y apoyo entre el profesorado, va a presentarse menor prevalencia de acoso entre pares en los centros educativos

Proteomic analysis of the maternal protein restriction rat model for schizophrenia: identification of translational changes in hormonal signaling pathways and glutamate neurotransmission.

Previous studies have found that some first onset schizophrenia patients show signs of impaired insulin signaling. Also, epidemiological studies have shown that periods of suboptimal nutrition including protein deficiencies during pregnancy can lead to increased incidence of metabolic conditions and psychiatric disorders in the offspring. For these reasons, we have carried out a molecular profiling analysis of blood serum and brain tissues from adult offspring produced by the maternal low protein (LP) rat model. The results showed similar changes to those seen in schizophrenia. Multiplex immunoassay profiling identified changes in the levels of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin along with alterations in inflammatory and vascular system-related proteins such as osteopontin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. LC-MS(E) proteomic profiling showed that glutamatergic pathways were altered in frontal cortex, while signaling pathways and cytoskeletal proteins involved in hormonal secretion and synaptic remodeling were altered in the hypothalamus. Taken together, these studies indicate that the LP rat model recapitulates several pathophysiological attributes seen in schizophrenia patients. We propose that the LP model may have utility for drug discovery efforts, especially to identify compounds that modulate the metabolic and glutamatergic systems

Analysis of the rat hypothalamus proteome by data-independent label-free LC-MS/MS.

Studies of neuronal, endocrine, and metabolic disorders would be facilitated by characterization of the hypothalamus proteome. Protein extracts prepared from 16 whole rat hypothalami were measured by data-independent label-free nano LC-MS/MS. Peptide features were detected, aligned, and searched against a rat Swiss-Prot database using ProteinLynx Global Server v.2.5. The final combined dataset comprised 21 455 peptides, corresponding to 622 unique proteins, each identified by a minimum of two distinct peptides. The majority of the proteins (69%) were cytosolic, and 16% were membrane proteins. Important proteins involved in neurological and synaptic function were identified including several members of the Ras-related protein family and proteins involved in glutamate biosynthesis

High Concentrations of Rosiglitazone Reduce mRNA and Protein Levels of LRP1 in HepG2 Cells

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor involved in the uptake of a variety of molecules, such as apoE, α2-macroglobulin, and the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), for either transcellular transport, protein trafficking or lysosomal degradation. The LRP1 gene can be transcribed upon activation of peroxisome proliferator receptor activated-γ (PPARγ) by the potent PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RGZ). In previous studies, RGZ was shown to upregulate LRP1 levels in concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μM in HepG2 cells. In this study, we sought to replicate previous studies and to investigate the molecular mechanism by which high concentrations of RGZ reduce LRP1 levels in HepG2 cells. Our data confirmed that transcriptional activation of LRP1 occurred in response to RGZ at 3 and 10 μM, in agreement with the study reported by Moon et al. (2012a). On the other hand, we found that high concentrations of RGZ decreased both mRNA and protein levels of LRP1. Mechanistically, transcriptional dysregulation of LRP1 was affected by the downregulation of PPARγ in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. However, downregulation of PPARγ was responsible for only 40% of the LRP1 reduction and thereby the remaining loss of LRP1 (60%) was found to be through degradation in the lysosomal system. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the mechanisms by which high concentrations of RGZ caused LRP1 levels to be reduced in HepG2 cells. Taken together, this data will be helpful to better explain the pharmacological modulation of this pivotal membrane receptor by PPARγ agonists

Analysis of the rat hypothalamus proteome by data-independent label-free LC-MS/MS.

Studies of neuronal, endocrine, and metabolic disorders would be facilitated by characterization of the hypothalamus proteome. Protein extracts prepared from 16 whole rat hypothalami were measured by data-independent label-free nano LC-MS/MS. Peptide features were detected, aligned, and searched against a rat Swiss-Prot database using ProteinLynx Global Server v.2.5. The final combined dataset comprised 21 455 peptides, corresponding to 622 unique proteins, each identified by a minimum of two distinct peptides. The majority of the proteins (69%) were cytosolic, and 16% were membrane proteins. Important proteins involved in neurological and synaptic function were identified including several members of the Ras-related protein family and proteins involved in glutamate biosynthesis