Some synthetic cyclitol derivatives alleviate the effect of water deficit in cultivated and wild-type chickpea species

unyayar, serpil/0000-0003-1631-9801; Deger, Aysin Guzel/0000-0001-6336-1872; Cevik, Sertan/0000-0003-1259-7863; Kus, Nermin Simsek/0000-0002-5402-2614; Guzel Deger, Aysin/0000-0001-6336-1872; Celik, Ayla/0000-0002-0127-3639WOS: 000345628400004PubMed: 24877672Cyclitols were prepared from corresponding allylic hydroperoxides, synthesized by photooxygenation of the appropriate cyclic alkenes. These hydroperoxides were then separately treated with a catalytic amount of OsO4. Synthesized dl-cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol 9 (A), dl-cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol 12 (B), and dl-cycloheptane-1,2,3-triol 15 (C) were used in the investigation of plant stress. Antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and water status of chickpea species exposed to synthetic cyclitols under water deficit were examined. Cyclitol derivatives significantly decreased leaf water potential, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels of wild and cultivated species under water deficit. Cyclitol treatments affected antioxidant enzyme activities differently in both species under water deficit. The highest SOD activity was found in A10-treated Cicer arietinum (cultivar) and C10-treated Cicer reticulatum (wild type) under water deficit. CAT activity increased in C. arietinum exposed to A cyclitols, while it increased slightly and then decreased in cyclitol-treated C. reticulatum under stress conditions. AP and GR activities were significantly increased in C. arietinum under water deficit. AP activity increased in C derivatives-treated C. arietinum, while it remained unchanged in C. reticulatum on day 1 of water deficit. GR activity was increased in A derivaties-treated C. arietinum and C derivatives-treated C. reticulatum on day 1 of water deficit and decreased with severity of stress (except for B10-treated C. arietinum). The level of AsA in C treatments and GSH in A treatments increased in C. arietinum on day 1 of water deficit, while in C. reticulatum, AsA and GSH levels decreased under stress conditions. We conclude that exogenous synthetic cyclitol derivatives are biologically active and noncytotoxic, resulting in higher antioxidant activities and lower water potential, thus increasing the water deficit tolerance of chickpea under water deficit, especially of cultivated chickpea. We also propose that synthetic cyclitol derivatives can reduce reactive oxygen species and membrane damage and are beneficial for stress adaptation. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Mersin University Scientific Research FoundationMersin University [BAP-FBE BB (SU)2010-5 B]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [109T815]; Ataturk University Scientific Research Project CouncilAtaturk University [2011/86]The present study was supported by a grant from the Mersin University Scientific Research Foundation (grant no. BAP-FBE BB (SU)2010-5 B), TUBITAK (Project No.: 109T815) and Ataturk University Scientific Research Project Council (Project No.: 2011/86)

Antioxidant-oxidant balance and vital parameter alterations in an eukaryotic system induced by aflatoxin B-2 exposure

WOS: 000507283600099PubMed: 31748996This study was performed to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B-2 (AFB(2)) on antioxidant-oxidant balance and vital parameters such as physiological, cytogenetic, and anatomical alterations in Allium cepa L. root tip cells. Toxic effects of AFB(2) on vital parameters were investigated by using the changes in weight gain, germination percentage, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), mitotic index (MI), micronucleus frequency (MN), and anatomical structure. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathion (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in root cells were investigated as antioxidant-oxidant parameters. For this aim, A. cepa bulbs were seperated into five groups as negative control, positive control, and AFB(2) treatment groups. In results, while the rate of germination percentage, weight gain, and MI rates decreased, MN and CA frequency increased in AFB(2)-treated groups compared with the negative control. Most common CAs observed in AFB(2)-treated groups were fragment and chromosome bridges. It was determined that in 160 mu g L-1 AFB(2)-treated group there was a 70.8% increase in MDA and a 78.1% decrease in GSH level compared with the negative control group and these changes indicate oxidative damage. In 160 mu g L-1 AFB(2) treatment group, SOD and CAT activities decreased importantly due to inhibition. In anatomical examinations, it was determined that AFB(2) treatment caused some anatomical damages in A. cepa root cells such as necrosis, cell deformation, and thickening in cell wall. This study showed that AFB(2), which has the least data among aflatoxins, causes serious in vivo toxic effects in A. cepa root cells