Screening of Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Acalypha indica Linn against isolated respiratory pathogens

Our present study was undertaken to investigate antibacterial activity and phytochemical studies in leaf extraction of Acalypha indica against the Respiratory tract pathogens. The shade dried leaves powder was used to prepare extracts by using Aqueous and Alcohol under crude and soxhlet method. The antibacterial activity was studied by using agar well diffusion method. The result showed that crude aqueous extract is effective against all tested pathogen. Highest inhibition of zone was recorded in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16mm). Aqueous and Alcoholic extracts reveals the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids,Steroids, Saponin, Tannins, Quinine, Coumarin and Phenol

PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF blaCTX-M-15-PRODUCING PATHOGENIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and molecular characterization of blaCTX-M-15-producing pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria from various clinical samples isolated from clinically suspected patients.Methods: In this study, clinical samples of urine, stool, sputum, and pus were collected from 244 patients with nosocomial infections. The phenotypic identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was confirmed by double-disk synergy test and combined disk diffusion test. In vitro, the susceptibility pattern of antimicrobial agents against pathogenic isolates was performed by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The identification of blaCTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli was assessed by polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The frequency of ESBL-producing pathogenic bacteria from screened was 6 (46.15%). In vitro, susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria showed that the majority of isolates were highly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97.87%), ofloxacin (93.33%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefoperazone, and meropenem (92.30%). The rates of resistance to other antibiotics varied from <26.66%. Among six tested isolates, only one E. coli isolates showed blaCTX-M-15 gene.Conclusion: Due to the increase of E. coli with multiple ESBL genes, continuous surveillance should be needed in clinical field to use of appropriate antibiotics and the control of infections

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge regarding Menopause and Its Impact among Women in Selected Rural Areas, Coimbatore

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on knowledge regarding menopause and its impact among women in selected rural areas, Coimbatore. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding menopause and its impact among women at selected rural areas. 2. To evaluate effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding menopause and its impact among women. 3. To find out the aassociation between level of knowledge scores with demographic variables. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: Conceptual framework was based on King’s goal Attainment Theory. METHODOLOGY: A pre experimental one group pre test-post test design was adopted. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 40 women were selected using non probability convenience sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted based on the objectives and hypothesis, using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: Pre test knowledge assessment revealed that 10% of the subjects had inadequate knowledge, 80% had moderate knowledge and 10% had adequate knowledge. The overall mean percentage score was 16% in pre test, which improved to 97% in post test. The effectiveness of self instructional module was tested by inferential statistics using paired ‘t’ test. The difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores of women regarding and its impact was found to be highly significant (t=22.9, P<0.05) Chi-square analysis was done to find out the association between demographic variables and post test knowledge level. The test value obtained for chi square was greater than the table value for the demographic variables such as religion, occupation, marital status. Hence the value was significant at 0.05 level which inferred significant association of knowledge level with the selected demographic variables. However there was no significant association between age, source of information and educational status as evident by test value being less than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSION: Thus this study revealed that Self Instructional Module on menopause and its impact was found to be effective

4,5-Bis(1H-imidazol-1-ylmeth­yl)acridine monohydrate

In the title compound, C21H17N5·H2O, the dihedral angles between the acridine ring system and the imidazole rings are 78.8 (1) and 71.2 (1)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯N, C—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid separations = 3.732 (1) and 3.569 (1) Å]

A comparative clinical study between intra-caesarean and interval intra uterine copper device insertion in caesarean deliveries

Background: Health and family welfare of Indian Ministry, emphasis on postpartum IUCD insertion. Here we conducted a clinical study comparing intra-caesarean and interval CuT-380A insertion in caesarean deliveries.Methods: A systematic study with 150 patients in each group, recruited clients alternately. Group A Intra-Caesarean Cu-T insertion and Group B Interval Cu-T insertion in caesarean deliveries. Groups were followed up at 6th week and 6th month post insertion with a set of parameters. Missed strings, expulsion and infection rates were the primary outcome measures.Results: Infection rate is higher in Group A (2.3%) at 6th week, and at 6th month infection rate is higher in Group B (1.8%). Missed strings are higher in intra-caesarean than in interval insertion method both at 6th week and 6th month follow up p=0.000, hence significant. Expulsion rate is higher in Group A (2.5%) at 6th week, and at 6th month expulsion rate is higher in Group B (1.9%). There are no complications such as uterine perforation or contraceptive failures in both the groups during the study period. By analysis, there are no significant differences in infection and expulsion rates between the groups. For missed strings there is significant difference between the groups with more missed strings in intra-caesarean insertion method.Conclusions: To conclude, intra-caesarean method is equally effective as interval IUCD insertion method without added complications in caesarean deliveries, with advantage of high motivation, good compliance, safety and ease for the provider to deliver services.

3-(2,4,6-Trimethyl­benzo­yl)-2-naphthoic acid

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H18O3, contains two crystallographically independent mol­ecules. The two mol­ecules are linked into cyclic centrosymmetric dimers R 2 2(8) by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring are 87.0 (8) and 84.4 (2)° in the two mol­ecules. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.664 (11) Å]. In one mol­ecule, the mesityl ring is disordered over two positions [occupancy ratio 0.690 (3):0.690 (3)]

Efficient Medical Image Compression Based on Wavelet Transform and Modified Gray Wolf Optimization

The use of medical images in diagnostic procedures is increasing, leadning to a significant rise in the memory and bandwidth requirements for preserving and transmitting these images. To address this issue, image compression techniques have garnered significant attention. These techniques are capable of reducing the data size necessary to represent an image, allowing for more efficient utilization of storage space and communication bandwidth by eliminating unnecessary information. Numerous research directions have focused on compressing medical images, but past approaches have been time-consuming and risked information loss. To trounce these limitations, this paper introduces an effiective method for reducing the size of medical images in telemedicine applications. The method utilizes Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and sophisticated algorithm. Primarily, input images undergo pre-processing with a circular median filter to eliminate noise and improve image quality. Subsequently, the pre-processed images are divided into multiple sub bands using IWT.Then, these sub bands are furhter divided into n X n non-overlapping matrices, and optimal coefficients are chosen by employing a modified grey wolf optimizer algorithm. Finally, the selected coefficients are encoded using Huffman coding for transmission. During decompression, the reverse process of image compression is applied. The introduced method is tested on various medical images, and the findings demonstrate its superior performance compared to previous methods, generating visually similar images with a smaller data size

Dichloridobis(1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl­pyridinium-4-olate-κO)zinc(II)

In the title compound, [ZnCl2(C9H13NO)2], the ZnII ion is coordinated by two Cl− anions and two O atoms of two zwitterionic organic ligands in a distorted tetra­hedral arrangement. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into sheets parallel to the bc plane by C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.669 (1) Å]

Diethyl 2-(2-nitro­benzyl­idene)malonate

In the title compound, C14H15NO6, the ethoxy­carbonyl groups adopt extended conformations. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with a R 2 2(20) motif

N-(2-Formyl­phen­yl)benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C13H11NO3S, the two aromatic rings are oriented at an angle of 88.18 (8)°. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed, each of which generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into C(7) chains along [010] by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The structure is further stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions involving the sulfonyl-bound phenyl ring