Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks for Plant disease Identification

Farming profitability is something on which economy profoundly depends. This is the one reason that sickness recognition in plants assumes a critical job in farming field, as having infection in plants are very common. In the event that legitimate consideration isn't taken here, it causes genuine consequences for plants and because of which particular item quality, amount or profitability is influenced. This paper displays an algorithm for image segmentation technique which is utilized for automatic identification and classification plant leaf infections. It additionally covers review on various classification techniques that can be utilized for plant leaf ailment discovery. As the infected regions vary in length it is difficult to develop a feature vector of identical finite length representing all the sequences. A simple method to go around this issue is given by Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). In this work we separate a feature vector through the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks. The LSTM network recursively repeats and concentrates two limited vectors whose link yields finite length vector portrayal

Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Library and its Services

The advancement of science and technology has made a tremendous improvement and change almost in all walks of life. Especially the magnetic word Information technology has been chanted in all corners of the global arena. The paper highlights the changing dimensions of library services due to the impact of ICT. The various aspects of digital library, its purpose and advantages are talked about. The most essential features such as infrastructure, staff support and budgetary aspects are also discussed with respect to Indian context

SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEVELOPING RESISTANT CULTIVAR AGAINST ODOIPORUS LONGICOLLIS (OLIVIER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) USING REFERENCE GENOTYPES IN INDIA

Objective: The objective of the research was to develop a screening method for weevil resistance by using selected genotypes. The selected reference genotypes were screened against stem weevil to deals with the different parts in India.Methods: The collected stem pieces of each cultivar were cut into 30 cm length and kept in an insect breeding chamber for two polypropylene cages is one into another. The bottom of the inner cage is made holes to drain the water from stem discs and the outer cage is without holes to collect it. Reproductively active and healthy weevils (4 females and 4 males) were selected and released into the breeding chamber for each commercial cultivar and screened against Odoiporus longicollis and observation was taken after 38 d. Based on the following method, different states of insect cultures were screened under in vitro conditions. This experiment was replicated four times for further statistical analysis.Results: The resistant genotype had significantly more (p<0.05) mortality, and fewer than the susceptible genotypes. These results indicated that the genotypes can be used as reference genotypes in evaluating resistance or susceptibility against the banana stem weevil using Gas chromatography with antennogram detector. This implies that the infestation caused by the weevils varied in different genotypes and also this information will be further helpful in selecting the resistant cultivars for future in the field of Agriculture.Conclusion: In commercial cultivars, no one can report the divergent and screening of stem weevil under in vitro conditions. In field conditions, that are not accuracy because, Climate change, Adaptation of host, migration and etc. For this instance, we performed the in vitro screening study and it finally revealed the susceptible and resistant genotypes based on the percent of weevil infestation are the same as well as no significant differences between different banana growing areas in India.Keywords: Banana stem weevil (Odoiporus longicollis), Screening, Host-plant resistance, Resistant genotypes, Biodiversity, Gas chromatography with Electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD

Assessment of Water Quality Parameters and Determination of Water Quality Index of Tube Well Water in Vengalacheddikulam DS Division,Vavuniya District, Sri Lanka

An attempt was made to analyze the distribution pattern of selected water quality parameters in tube wells and to explore the water quality index of Vengalacheddikulam DS (Divisional Secretariat) division in Vavuniya district. Secondary data of water quality parameters in 60 tube wells were collected from Cheddikulam Pradeshiya Sabha (PS) and Water board of Vavuniya. Nine parameters such as pH, EC, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Sulphates, Chlorides, Fluorides, and Nitrates were analyzed for this study. WQI was calculated and analyzed based on the existing literatures. IDW technique was deployed to analyze the distribution pattern of this parameters including WQI in the study area. Water quality parameters except TDS and Sulphate were in greater than the acceptable level for human consumption in considerable parts of the study area. Nearly 44% of study area were falls in to above maximum permissible level of alkalinity. The WQI result reveals that nearly 21.5% of area is not suitable for human consumption. Remedial actions to be undertaken to overcome the prevailing water pollution issues in the region

Migrant Women's Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study.

Providing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to migrant workers is key to fulfilling sustainable developmental goals. This study aims to explore key informants' views on the provision of SRH services for migrant women in Malaysia, exploring the provision of SRH education, contraception, abortion, antenatal and delivery, as well as the management of gender-based violence. In-depth interviews of 44 stakeholders were conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. Data were thematically analysed. Migrant workers that fall pregnant are unable to work legally and are subject to deportation. Despite this, we found that insufficient SRH information and contraceptive access are provided, as these are seen to encourage promiscuity. Pregnancy, rather than sexually transmitted infection prevention, is a core concern among migrant women, the latter of which is not adequately addressed by private providers. Abortions are often seen as the only option for pregnant migrants. Unsafe abortions occur which are linked to financial constraints and cultural disapproval, despite surgical abortions being legal in Malaysia. Pregnant migrants often delay care-seeking, and this may explain poor obstetric outcomes. Although health facilities for gender-based violence are available, non-citizen women face additional barriers in terms of discrimination and scrutiny by authorities. Migrant women face extremely limited options for SRH services in Malaysia and these should be expanded

Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Response to Stress Induced by the Administration of Amikacin Injection by Autoinjector in Animals

The drugs administered by autoinjectors, may act fast reducing the morbidity and mortality in critical and emergency situations. Amikacin drug cartridge was developed for the autoinjector as an antibacterial drug for critical situations and its tolerability was studied. Rats were given either 3 doses or 7 doses on consecutive days by the autoinjector (intraperitoneal, 63 mg/mL). Blood was withdrawn on the 4th day (3 doses) or the 8th day (7 doses), and haematological and biochemical parameters were studied. All the parameters studied were within the limits and did not show any significant difference when compared with the control. Rabbits were given 3 doses of two concentrations (intramuscular, 63 or 250 mg/mL) and on the 4th day blood was withdrawn for the haematological and biochemical estimations. 63 mg/mL cartridge did not show any significant change while 250 mg/mL cartridge showed significant change in the haematological and biochemical parameters. This study showed that intraperitoneal injection of amikacin by the autoinjector designed for intramuscular injection was well tolerated by the rats. In the rabbits, low dose (63 mg/mL) was tolerated while the higher dose, which is an adult human dose (250 mg/mL) showed significant changes.Defence Science Journal, 2014, 64(2), pp. 99-105. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.503

Single dose pharmacokinetics of lamivudine in healthy volunteers: comparison of blood and urine kinetics

Aims: To study single dose pharmacokinetics of lamivudine (3TC) in healthy subjects. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects were administered 3TC (150 mg) followed by timed blood and urine collections up to 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic variables and percent dose of 3TC in urine were calculated. Results: Plasma exposure and percent dose of 3TC in urine were highly correlated (p < 0.001; r = 0.96). 3TC concentration at 24 hours was undetectable in all study subjects. Conclusions: Timed urine measurements could be used to study bioavailabilty of 3TC. Plasma 3TC measurements could be used to monitor adherence among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment.Aims: To study single dose pharmacokinetics of lamivudine (3TC) in healthy subjects. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects were administered 3TC (150 mg) followed by timed blood and urine collections up to 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic variables and percent dose of 3TC in urine were calculated. Results: Plasma exposure and percent dose of 3TC in urine were highly correlated (p < 0.001; r = 0.96). 3TC concentration at 24 hours was undetectable in all study subjects. Conclusions: Timed urine measurements could be used to study bioavailabilty of 3TC. Plasma 3TC measurements could be used to monitor adherence among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment

Urine levels of rifampicin & isoniazid in asymptomatic HIV-positive individuals

Background & objectives: AIDS and its associated gastrointestinal complications may impair the absorption of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Impaired absorption of anti-TB drugs could lead to low drug exposure, which might contribute to acquired drug resistance and reduced effectiveness of anti-TB treatment. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the status of absorption of rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) in asymptomatic HIV- positive individuals, who are less immunocompromised. The D-xylose absorption test was also carried out to assess the absorptive capacity of intestive. Methods: The absorption of RMP, INH and D-xylose was studied in 15 asymptomatic HIV- positive individuals with CD4 cell counts > 350 cells/mm3 and 16 healthy volunteers, after oral administration of single doses of RMP (450 mg), INH (300 mg) and D-xylose (5 g). Urine was collected up to 8 h after drug administration. Percentage dose of the drugs and their metabolites and D-xylose excreted in urine were calculated. Results: A significant reduction in the urinary excretion of INH and D-xylose in HIV-positive persons compared to healthy volunteers was observed. The per cent dose of RMP and its metabolite, desacetyl RMP was also lower in HIV-positive persons compared to healthy volunteers, but this difference was not statistically significant. Interpretation & conclusion: Decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose and INH are suggestive of intestinal malabsorption in HIV-positive individuals. HIV infection could cause malabsorption of anti-TB drugs even at an early stage of the disease. The clinical implications of these findings need to be confirmed in larger studies

Pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR studies on substituted benzothiazole / benzimidazole analogues as DHFR inhibitors with antimycobacterial activity

ABSTRACT The resurgence of tuberculosis and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacteria drugs has propelled the development of new structural classes of antitubercular agents. The present study was undertaken to investigate the opportunities which the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, a promising drug target for treatment of Mycobacterial infections offers for the development of new TB drugs. Pharmacophore models were established by using the HipHop and HypoGen algorithms implemented in the Catalyst software package. The best quantitative pharmacophore model, consisted of two hydrogen bond acceptor, a hydrophobic aliphatic, and a ring aromatic feature which has the highest correlation coefficient (0.93), as well as enrichment factor of 1.75 and Goodness of hit score of 0.73. Based on the pharmacophore model some leads were optimized and some of its derivatives were synthesized and analysed by following QSAR studies. About 25 compounds of substituted benzothiazole/ benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized as potent DHFR inhibitors and screened for antimycobacterial activity. To further explore the structure-activity relationships of all newly synthesized compounds, 3D-QSAR analyses were developed. MFA studies were performed with the QSAR module of Cerius2 using genetic partial least squares (G/PLS) algorithm. The predictive ability of the developed model was assessed using a training set of 25 and a test set of 5 compounds (r2pred = 0.924).The analyzed MFA model demonstrated a good fit, having r2 value of 0.868 and cross validated coefficient r2cv value of 0.771

GIS-Based Flood Hazard Mapping in EravurPattu Divisional Secretariat, Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka

In the recent past, Sri Lanka experienced heavy floods in the Eastern Province. The livelihoods of many households in the East are affected by flood frequently. The objective of this study was to create a flood hazard risk map of EravurPattu DS division based on flood occurrence, topographical, hydrological and population census data. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used in this study to identify the hazard zone by floods. Variables such as number of flood occurrence, population density, elevation and the distance between the water bodies and the flood occurred area were considered for this study. The knowledge-based ranking scheme was applied to each of the four variables. Indicators that represent a high-level impact across the GN division were given higher ranks. Priority was given according to the level of impact on each division. All the factors were assigned equal weights and final flood hazard index map was produced by weighted overlay technique using Arc GIS. The study revealed that 80% of GN divisions in EravurPattu can be categorized under high and very high flood hazard areas. This study recommends to undertake remedial measures on land use planning