Brain Tumour Biomarkers by Deep Learning Architectures

                Brain tumour may be detected by the use of different medical imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI has been shown to be effective in screening brain tumour than CT. Deep features have been proposed for brain image classification on the basis of two different architectures; Visual Geometric Group (VGG) and Inception Architectures (IA).  The need to characterize the brain images as normal or abnormal leads to different deep learning algorithms for the extraction of deep features. The MRI brain image dataset REpository of Molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa (REMBRANDT) is studied in this work for the classification. It contains 200 brain images with 100 related to normal and 100 to abnormal. For the analysis, same set of training and testing samples obtained via random split of 50:50 are used by the VGG-16, VGG-19, IA-V1 (GoogleNet) and IA-V3.The classification performance in percentage accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with the above architectures are recorded. Results show that IA-V3 provides best average performance of 95.1% accuracy.     &nbsp

A study on customer’s e - shopping behavior and satisfaction: special reference to working women in Chennai

The growth rate of India’s e-commerce industry is fascinating. It was reported as 88% in 2013 which is a clear contrast picture of the slower economic growth of India. The purpose of this study is to analyse factors affecting on e- shopping behaviour of working women in Chennai city that might be one of the most important issues of e-commerce and marketing field. However, there is very limited knowledge about online consumer behaviour for women because it is a complicated socio-technical phenomenon and involves too many factors. One of the objectives of this study is covering the shortcomings of previous studies that didn't examine main factors that influence on online shopping behaviour for working women. Purchasing items and products through the web is a very easy task to do. It is now playing a very important role in everybody’s life especially working women with a very busy life schedule. This goal has been followed by using a model examining the impact of perceived risks, infrastructural variables and return policy on attitude toward online shopping behaviour and subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, domain specific innovativeness and attitude on online shopping behaviour as the hypotheses of study. To investigate these hypotheses 90 questionnaires dispersed among online stores. Respondents to the questionnaire were women consumers of online stores in which randomly selected. The statistical tools used to analyze the data with reference to the selected objectives of the study is factor analysis. The proposed conceptual model was developed and tested through a factor analysis to reduce data dimensions

Evaluation of Anti Mullerian Hormone as a Predictor of Ovarian Reserve in Infertility patients in Karpaga Vinayaga Medical College Hospital

BACKGROUND: Ovarian reserve is defined as the functional potential of the ovary and reflects the number and quality of the oocytes in the ovary at any given time. With the understanding that chronological age alone is an inadequate predictor of the ovarian reserve, multiple tests have been developed to assess ovarian function (i.e., “ovarian reserve” tests). Some of these tests include basal FSH, basal inhibin B, the clomiphene citrate (CC) challenge test, basal E2, the GnRH challenge test, the ovarian antral follicle count (AFC) as assessed by transvaginal ultrasound examination, and serum levels of anti- Müllerian hormone (AMH). Since the number of ovarian follicles declines with increasing age, AMH levels might be used as a marker for ovarian aging. The present study was therefore conducted to find out correlation between AMH and ovarian reserve in the diagnosis of infertility. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the level of AMH in infertility patients and to assess the levels of ovarian reserve. 2. To study the level of AMH in infertility patients. 3. To determine the possibility of future conception in poor ovarian reserve patients. It provides an improved ascertainment of ovarian reserve and thus helps in planning therapeutic interventions in couples seeking infertility treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted during the period from 2018-2019. Totally 100 females were included in the study. About 5 ml of blood samples were drawn from the median cubital vein from each woman on day three of the cycle or progesterone-induced cycle into a plastic pyrogen-free disposable syringe. Transferred into a plastic tube and left for 20 minutes to allow it to clot. After centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes clear serum is obtained or stored at a -20°C until use. AMH, E2, FSH, LH, Ft3, Ft4, TSH, PRL and estradiol. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Negative linear relationships with FSH levels and this correlation was not statistically significant. In subjects with PCOS, AMH levels had a negative linear relationship with FSH levels and this correlation was found to be statistically significant with AMH levels. Except AFC Left and Right Ovary None was correlated with AMH. Composite measures that incorporate both methods could potentially be used to provide a comprehensive assessment of ovarian reserve, although AMH has been shown to be a better predictor of oocyte yield in patients with discordant AFC and AMH results. Hence, a single AMH measurement is more valuable in the assessment of ovarian reserve than measuring estradiol, FSH or inhibin B

Thyroid disorders in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu district

Background: A relationship between the thyroid gland and the gonads is suggested by far more frequent occurrence of thyroid disorders in women than in men by clinical appearance of goiter during pregnancy, puberty, and menopause. Aim of this study was to determine the association between menstrual irregularities and thyroid dysfunction. To analyse the pattern of menstrual dysfunction among women with a thyroid disorder.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center - obstetrics and gynecology OPD. Over 6 months in the year 2019. 100 women who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding with the below exclusion criteria. Detailed history taking with an emphasis on age, parity, infertility, and menstrual disorders. Evaluation by pelvic examination along with the general physical examination of those with menstrual complaints. Routine investigations like Hb, BT, CT, TLC, DLC, platelet count, and ABO-Rh in all. Then all patients were subjected to estimation of serum T3, T4, TSH with early morning samples.Results: Menorrhagia presents in 39.4% of patients in the normal cohort and 63.6% in the thyroid dysfunction cohort. Hypomenorrhea presents in 4% normal cohort and 9.1% thyroid dysfunction cohort. Hypothyroidism presents in 7.27%, subclinical hypothyroidism in 1.81%, and hyperthyroidism in 0.92% of patients. Amenorrhoea presents in 16.2% of patients of the normal cohort and 9.1% of patients of thyroid dysfunction cohort. No statistical significance between amenorrhoea and thyroid dysfunction.32.3% in the normal cohort and 36.4% in thyroid dysfunction cohort had a bulky uterus. No statistical association exists between thyroid dysfunction and uterine size. In a histopathological examination of the endometrium, 49.5% in the normal cohort and 54.5% thyroid dysfunction cohort reported as proliferative endometrium. Amenorrhoea; the significant association between abnormal uterine bleeding and thyroid disorder (10%).Conclusions: The significant association between abnormal uterine bleeding and thyroid disorder (10%). It brings into focus the increased incidence of hypothyroidism among women with menorrhagia

Comparison of external dacryocystorhinostomy with endoscopic surgical dacryocystorhinostomy

INTRODUCTION: Epiphora is a relatively frequent problem encountered in ophthalmology. It may be due to nasolacrimal sac obstruction following an acute or chronic inflammation, trauma, tumour, or congenital malformation. It may be associated with purulent secretion and swelling of the sac region. Although medical treatment including antibiotic therapy, may address the symptoms, definitive management of this problem consists of surgical procedure in which patency of the lacrimal system is restored. The standard surgery for the blockage of the lacrimal outflow is dacryocystorhinostomy, in which the lacrimal sac is connected directly to the nose by removing the layer of bone and mucosa that separate these two structures. The aim of the surgery is at draining the tears freely into the nose with sac mucosa forming part of the lateral nasal wall. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the external dacryocystorhinostomy with endoscopic endonasal surgical dacryocystorhinostomy. To evaluate the outcomes of the two procedure on subjective and anatomical basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective non randomised clinical interventional study was undertaken at Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai; in the department of Orbit and Oculoplasty. The duration of the study was from May 2004 to June 2006. Fifty three patients with Primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction with chronic dacryocystitis were taken up for this study. Patients underwent either external or endoscopic endonasal surgical DCR depending on their preference after explaining the two procedures in detail. Consent of the patient was obtained before including in the study. The ethical committee in the hospital approved the study. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. 2. Patent canaliculi. 3. Normal eyelid function. 4. No lacrimal sac pathology. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Previous lacrimal surgery. 2. Functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction and canalicular obstruction. 3. Suspicion of malignancy. 4. Post traumatic bony deformity. DISCUSSION: Epiphora is an annoying symptom embarrassing the patient both socially and functionally. Lacrimal surgeries continue to evolve with new technical developments. There has been renewed interest in performing dacryocystorhinostomy through an intranasal approach using modern surgical tools such as endoscope and laser. The two widely accepted modalities of treatment for epiphora resulting from obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts are external and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. The current study was carried out for a period of two years on 53 cases who had nasolacrimal duct obstruction of which 26 cases underwent external DCR and 27 cases underwent endonasal DCR. Both the groups were operated by single surgeon. The purpose of the study is to compare the success rates and complications of these two procedures. In our study we have defined success as full success, partial success and failure based on symptomatic relief of epiphora and patency of nasolacrimal duct post operatively. In external dacryocystorhinostomy group, 92.3% (24 cases) had full success and 7.7% (2 cases) had partial success. There was no failure reported in this group. In endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy group, 74.1 % (20 cases) had full success, 7.4 % (2 cases) had partial success and 18.5% (5 cases) had failure. The difference in overall success rate (p value - 0.06) was not statistically significant. The success rate in our study was comparable to that of Hartikainen et al86 ‘s who reported a success of 95% in external dacryocystorhinostomy and 71 % in endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. CONCLUSION: In our study, The age distribution of patients were such that maximum number (35.8%) of patients were in the age group of 31 – 40 years. Females constituted 69.8% while males constituted only 30.2%. 62.3% of cases presented with nasolacrimal obstruction on left side External dacryocystorhinostomy had higher success rate of 100% while endonasal surgical DCR had a success rate of 81.5%, but the difference is statistically insignificant. In external Dacryocystorhinostomy the only complication seen in our study was prominent scar (15.4%). In endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy the complications seen in our study were pyogenic granuloma (3.7%), cheese wiring of canaliculi (7.4%), tube displacement (7.4%), and failure (14.8%). One patient had both pyogenic granuloma and failure accounting for 3.7%. External dacryocystorhinostomy is a standard surgical procedure for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction for successful outcome with minimal risk of disturbing scar. It allows for the inspection of the lacrimal sac for pathology like tumors and dacryoliths and easy suturing of the mucosal flaps. Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy may be a viable option for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Disadvantage of this procedure include the preferred use of general anesthesia by many surgeons, the need for expensive equipment and instrumentation, and the relatively steep learning curve for this procedure. Both the advantages and disadvantages of endonasal DCR relative to external DCR should be carefully discussed with patients contemplating endonasal surgery. 8. Future studies comparing DCR techniques should measure the size of the created soft tissue and bony ostium, and the end point should include not only improvement in symptoms but more importantly static and dynamic observation and analysis of the healed ostium

Eye Disease Prediction Among Corporate Employees using Machine Learning Techniques

In the IT sector, employees use systems for more than 6 hs, so they are affected by many health problems. Mostly In the IT sector, employees are affected with eye diseases like eye strain, eye pain, burning sensation, double vision, blurring of vision, and frequent watering. The major goal of this research is to identify the different types of eye problems encountered, the symptoms present, and the population afflicted by eye diseases in order to accurately forecast outcomes using a Machine learning techniques for real-time data sets.Additional Notes: Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) © Copyright: All rights reserved

Perspectives of the Apiaceae Hepatoprotective Effects - A Review

The liver has the crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes and in the excretion of endogenous waste metabolites and xenobiotics. Liver structure impairment can be caused by various factors including microorganisms, autoimmune diseases, chemicals, alcohol and drugs. The plant kingdom is full of liver protective chemicals such as phenols, coumarins, lignans, essential oils, monoterpenes, carotenoids, glycosides, flavonoids, organic acids, lipids, alkaloids and xanthenes. Apiaceae plants are usually used as a vegetable or as a spice, but their other functional properties are also very important. This review highlights the significance of caraway, dill, cumin, aniseed, fennel, coriander, celery, lovage, angelica, parsley and carrot, which are popular vegetables and spices, but possess hepatoprotective potential. These plants can be used for medicinal applications to patients who suffer from liver damage

Medical Diagnosis System for Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Background: Diabetic retinopathy disease is a major cause of poor vision loss for the long-standing diabetic patients. There is no single algorithm in the literature used for extracting all the abnormal regions simultaneously. Results: This paper has developed a Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) system for diagnosing Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) in retinal fundus images. Results: The proposed approach is experimented with three datasets such as DIARETDB0, DIARETDB1, and MESSIDOR. With the use of these three databases, the proposed algorithm has achieved an accuracy of 98.57%, 98.70%, and 99.05% respectively. Conclusion: An unsupervised multi-level transition region based thresholding segmentation algorithm is proposed for extracting abnormalities in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) images. The proposed system consists of four steps: 1) Pre-processing, 2) Segmentation, 3) Feature Extraction, and 4) Classification. To improve the quality of final results, Pre-processing has been carried out. In the pre-processing step, the green channel of the input color retinal fundus image is extracted and enhanced using three techniques such as local polynomial contrast enhancement operator, shade correction and normalization. To eliminate some of the artifacts in the pre-processed image, optic disk and blood vessels are removed from the enhanced image. After the completion of entire pre-processing stage, the enhanced image is given as input to the proposed segmentation algorithm. In the segmentation process, dark and bright lesions such as microaneurysms, haemorrhages, and exudates of NPDR are extracted as abnormal regions. From these segmented regions, features are extracted and used as inputs for classification purpose. The classification algorithm used in this paper is association rule mining. A rule based grading approach is used to classify the patients as normal or abnormal based on the signs of NPDR