Economic prognosis from vaccination against meningococcal infection inclusion into the National calendar of prophylactic vaccines in children of first age old

Meningococcal infection (MI) is one of the severe illnesses by clinical manifestations and their consequences. Specific prophylaxis of severe MI forms is the most effective measure in the current conditions. It can lead to morbidity and disability reduction as well as and economic burden cut. Aim. Potential economic benefits of society finding in case of meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine to prevent MI caused by serogroups A, C, W, and Y into the National calendar of prophylactic vaccines (NCPV) for children 9- and 12-months age. Material and methods. The dynamic simulation mathematical model for epidemiological consequences of MI vaccines prophylaxis inclusion into NCPV was created. And economic calculations have been made based on this model also. Cost of vaccination based on prognosis of children amount in age before one year has been calculated, monetary equivalent of economic burden reduction in case of MI vaccines prophylaxis inclusion into NCPV was created. Results. Vaccination reduces mortality on 58–60 %, especially in children less than 5 years old. Correlation of the total epidemiological benefits expressed in years of prevented years of lost life with the projected cost of a statistical year of life gives the following results: starting from the 1st year of vaccination of children, society will receive almost 6.5 billion RUR monetary gain in metrics of life saved years. Monetary benefit on 10 years horizon could be as 70 billion RUR. Conclusion. Expenditures for meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine to prevent MI caused by serogroups A, C, W, and Y usage in case of inclusion into NCPV for children in 9- and 12-months (twice in the first year of life) are economic proved in frames of monetary equivalent of society gain in certain conditions

An economic evaluation of vaccination in children against meningococcal infection in Moscow

Meningococcal infection (MI) is one of the most serious and life-threatening with an average mortality rate of 15 %. Infection accounts for the largest number of deaths of all infectious diseases among children under 17 years of age. Aim. Using simulation mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential epidemiological and economic benefits of vaccination against MI for children under the age of 1 year in Moscow with a Meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y and W-135) Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine. Methods. The assessment of potential indicators of morbidity and mortality of children under the age of 1 year after vaccination in a hypothetic cohort was carried out, considering a period of the stable post-vaccination immunity. Data were compared with the indicators of the MI incidence in Moscow. Monetary equivalents of economic benefits are calculated, considering the cost of vaccination, direct and indirect costs. Results. It is possible to reduce the number of MI cases by 73 %, mortality by an average on 85 % after vaccination, in the horizon of 5 years of maintaining immunity tension, Vaccination of children under one year old can reduce the number of disability cases that occur after severe forms of infection. As a result, the economic impact from the mentioned disease can be reduced by 75 %. Conclusion. The resulting economic benefits in the future may significantly exceed the cost of vaccination. It seems expedient to accelerate the introduction of vaccination of children's contingents against MI

New Modality: Emoji Challenges in Prediction, Anticipation, and Retrieval

Over the past decade, emoji have emerged as a new and widespread form of digital communication, spanning diverse social networks and spoken languages. We propose treating these ideograms as a new modality in their own right, distinct in their semantic structure from both the text in which they are often embedded as well as the images which they resemble. As a new modality, emoji present rich novel possibilities for representation and interaction. In this paper, we explore the challenges that arise naturally from considering the emoji modality through the lens of multimedia research, specifically the ways in which emoji can be related to other common modalities such as text and images. To do so, we first present a large-scale data set of real-world emoji usage collected from Twitter. This data set contains examples of both text-emoji and image-emoji relationships within tweets. We present baseline results on the challenge of predicting emoji from both text and images, using state-of-the-art neural networks. Further, we offer a first consideration into the problem of how to account for new, unseen emoji—a relevant issue as the emoji vocabulary continues to expand on a yearly basis. Finally, we present results for multimedia retrieval using emoji as queries

Twemoji Dataset

Collection of 13M tweets divided into training, validation, and test sets for the purposes of predicting emoji based on text and/or images.The data provides the tweet status ID and the emoji annotations associated with it. In the case of image-containing subsets, the image URL is also listed.The Full, unbalanced dataset consists of a random test and validation sets of 1M tweets, with the remainder in the training set.The Balanced testset is a subset of the test set chosen to improve emoji class balance.The Image subsets are image-containing tweets.Finally, emoji_map_1791.csv provides information regarding the emoji labels and potential metadata

Electronic version of the information module of medical record in surgical pathology

Introduction. The need for software for targeted epidemiological monitoring of patients with high risk of infection in surgical procedures is obvious at present.The objective of the study was the scientific substantiation of the content of the epidemiological module of the electronic medical records of patients with surgical diseases.Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of data on infectious complications in the area of surgical intervention in patients of 42 hospitals of St. Petersburg over the past 10 years.Results. The incidence rate of surgical sites infections in hospitals of St. Petersburg for many years did not exceed 0.3 per 100 operations, due to the lack of reliable monitoring data of observations of postoperative infectious complications in the city institutions. We defined the list of parameters to be recorded in the electronic medical record during surgical treatment of pathology for the organization of systematic monitoring of the course of pathophysiological changes in the area of operation, taking into account the overall clinical assessment of the quality of medical care.Conclusion. The use of the epidemiological module in the electronic medical record would allow timely and purposefully to carry out preventive measures on creating conditions for the uncomplicated course of the postoperative period in patients who underwent surgery in the hospital

Echocardiographic estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance in advanced lung disease.

Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary hemodynamics is often performed by echocardiographic estimation of the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (ePASP), despite limitations in the advanced lung disease population. Other noninvasive hemodynamic variables, such as echocardiographic pulmonary vascular resistance (ePVR), have not been studied in this population. We performed a retrospective analysis of 147 advanced lung disease patients who received both echocardiography and right heart catheterization for lung transplant evaluation. The ePVR was estimated by four previously described equations. Noninvasive and invasive hemodynamic parameters were compared in terms of correlation, agreement, and accuracy. The ePVR models strongly correlated with invasively determined PVR and had good accuracy with biases of <1 Wood units (WU), although with moderate precision and wide 95% limits of agreement varying from 5.9 to 7.8 Wood units. The ePVR models were accurate to within 1.9 WU in over 75% of patients. In comparison to the ePASP, ePVR models performed similarly in terms of correlation, accuracy, and precision when estimating invasive hemodynamics. In screening for pulmonary hypertension, ePVR models had equivalent testing characteristics to the ePASP. Mid-systolic notching of the right ventricular outflow tract Doppler signal identified a subgroup of 11 patients (7%) with significantly elevated PVR and mean pulmonary artery pressures without relying on the acquisition of a tricuspid regurgitation signal. Analysis of ePVR and determination of the notching pattern of the right ventricular outflow tract Doppler flow velocity envelope provide reliable insights into hemodynamics in advanced lung disease patients, although limitations in precision exist

ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС ГОСПИТАЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ РЕАНИМАЦИИ МНОГОПРОФИЛЬНОГО СТАЦИОНАРА

Resuscitation and intensive care units (RICU) of general hospitals are at a high risk of hospital-acquired purulent-septic infections because of the critical conditions of patients and because of the routine use of invasive instruments and antimicrobial preparations. The objective of the present study was to reveal the specific features of the epidemic of hospital-acquired infections in RICU of a general hospital in order to improve preventive interventions. The epidemiological approach used in the study included the prospective analysis of the incidence of purulent-septic conditions among RICU patients. The results included the estimates of the incidences of specific purulent-septic conditions, the identification of their causative agents, and the estimates of time and risk of infecting depending on the duration of patient’s stay in a ward. Measures aimed at ameliorating the epidemiological situation were taken. К. pneumoniae and A. baumannii strains were found to be the most rapidly spreading, compared to other Gram-negative bacteria, among RICU patients.Отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии многопрофильного стационара относят к подразделениям, характеризующимся высоким риском развития внутрибольничных гнойно-септических инфекций в связи с поступлением пациентов в критическом состоянии, широким использованием инвазивных устройств и антимикробных препаратов. Цель. Выявление особенностей эпидемического процесса госпитальных инфекций в отделении реанимации многопрофильного стационара с определением путей совершенствования мер профилактики. Материалы и методы. Эпидемиологический метод, включавший проспективное наблюдение и анализ заболеваемости пациентов отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии гнойно-септическими инфекциями. Результаты исследования. Установлен уровень заболеваемости отдельными нозологическими формами гнойно-септических инфекций пациентов отделения реанимации, определены ведущие возбудители инфекционной патологии, а также время риска колонизации/инфицирования пациентов основными патогенами в зависимости от длительности пребывания пациентов в отделении, и проведены мероприятия по улучшению эпидемиологической обстановки. Заключение. Частота колонизации/инфицирования пациентов грамотрицательными возбудителями зависела от вида возбудителя и длительности пребывания пациентов в отделении: для штаммов К. pneumoniae и A. baumannii характерно более быстрое распространение среди пациентов отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии по сравнению с другими грамотрицательными микроорганизмами