Las actitudes de los padres sobre la adaptación de los niños a la institución preescolar

The aim of this research study is to examine parents´ attitudes towards the process of children´s adjustment to a pre-school institution, as well as towards separation difficulties which are encountered when a child starts attending kindergarten. Research results provide answers to whether parents are familiar with the problems manifested in the children´s adjustment process, as well as with the possibilities of successfully overcoming such issues. The research included 763 parents of pre-school children in the territory of Serbia. The differences in parents´ attitudes have been analysed relative to their sex, education and age. In the course of research the authors resorted to a five-point Likert scale composed of 16 items grouped into the following categories: factors which influence the process of adjustment, indicators of a successfully completed adjustment process and methods for overcoming the issues raised in the process of children´s adjustment to a pre-school institution. Parents believe that children´s satisfaction when they attend kindergarten is a more significant indicator of a successfully completed adjustment process relative to the absence of crying and deprecation, as well as that for the purposes of overcoming the difficulties which occur when children start attending a pre-school institution parents most frequently introduce preschool teachers to their child´s habits and traits, and later talk with the child about events in the kindergarten. Research results indicate the presence of statistically significant differences in parents´ attitudes relative to their sex, i.e. they indicate that the adjustment period is more stressful for mothers than for fathers.El objetivo de la investigación es examinar las actitudes de los padres sobre el proceso de adaptación de los niños a la institución preescolar, y también las dificultades de separación que ocurren con el ingreso del niño en jardín de infantes. Los resultados del estudio proponen respuestas a las preguntas si los padres están familiarizados con los problemas que se manifiestan en el proceso de adaptación de los niños a la institución preescolar, y también preguntas sobre las posibilidades de su superación exitosa. El estudio involucró a 763 padres de niños en edad preescolar de Serbia. Se analizan las diferencias en las actitudes de los padres en relación con el género, el nivel de educación y la edad. En la investigación fue utilizada una escala de evaluación de Likert de cinco pasos, compuesta por 16 ítems agrupados en las siguientes categorías: factores que intervienen en el proceso de adaptación, indicadores de una adaptación exitosa y métodos para superar los problemas que surgen en el proceso de adaptación de los niños a la institución preescolar. Los padres lo consideran que la satisfacción de los niños cuando van al jardín de infantes representa un indicador muy importante de la finalización exitosa del proceso de adaptación en relación a la ausencia de llanto y resentimiento, y de que los padres, para superar las dificultades que ocurren cuando niños empiezan a ir en el jardín de infantes, a menudo se reúnen con maestros para familiarizarlos con los costumbres y las características de sus hijos, y luego hablan con sus hijos sobre los acontecimientos en el jardín de infancia. Los resultados del estudio indican que existen unas diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las actitudes de los padres con respecto al género, es decir, el período de adaptación es más estresante para las madres que para los padres

Comparative screening of the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sempervivum marmoreum L. extracts obtained by various extraction techniques

This paper presents a comparative study of the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in extracts obtained from houseleek (Sempervivum marmoreum L.) leaves by the classical (maceration), ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction (CE, UE and SE, respectively). The extract obtained by the CE contained higher amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and showed a better antioxidant activity than those obtained using other two techniques. All the extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans only but not against the tested bacteria

The Energy Value and Energy Yields of Alfalfa Forage Depending on the Cutting Time in Forage-Seed Production System

Economic importance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is reflected in the production of high-quality forage, however, the seeds of alfalfa are valuable commodity in the domestic and international markets. In Serbia, the seed is produced in forage-seed mode of exploitation where the second or third growth is used for seed production, and the remaining growths are used for fodder. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of cuttings and time of cutting on total energy value of hay in a model of forage and seed production. The second and third cuts were used as seed cut. In the variant where the second cut was used as seed cut, the first cut was harvested at different times (A1-early, A2-medium early, A3-late and A4- very late). In the model where the third cut was used for seed, two pre-cuts were used for forage production (A5). In all the following variants, seed cut was followed by one more cutting (final cut), used for the production of fodder. The highest average total production (from pre-cut and final cut) of NEL (34606 MJha-1) and NEM (33811 MJha-1) was realized in the system of cutting with two pre-cuts. In the variant with single pre-cut, the highest yield was formed in the early system. Later cutting of the first cut causes decline of NEL production and it was the lowest in the system of very late cutting or 15.1 % less than in the early system and 38% lower than in the system of cutting with two pre-cuts. Delaying of utilization of alfalfa to the later stages of exploitation has contributed to the lower yield of NEM and in the medium early system and late system and especially in the very late cutting system, where by 22.2 % less was realized than in the early production system. Studies have shown that late cutting of first cut resulted in the reduction of nutritional value expressed in the amount of net energy per unit area

Design and Implementation of a Configurable System for Managing X509 Certificates

In this paper a design and an implementation of a configurable system for managing the X509 certificates is described. The X509 certificates are one of the most important standards used today in a large number of different authentication mechanisms. As such, they represent one of the important topics at the Computer Security course at the School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade. The system described in this paper has been used within the practical project at the Computer Security course. It provides the ability to generate, sign, and manipulate X509 certificates and it’s implemented in such a way that the graphical user interface (GUI) is completely separated from the logic. This way of implementation relaxes the students from GUI programming and enables them to concentrate on programming the part related to the certificates – security part of the project. The system has been successfully used at the course in the previous school year and the new and improved version is going to be used in this school year

Diversity of teachers’ conceptions related to environment and human rights. A survey in 24 countries

The environmental, social and economical dimensions of ESD include human rights as equality of all the human beings independently to their gender, ethnic group, religion or sexual orientation. To analyse teachers’ conceptions on environment and on human rights, and to identify eventual links between them and with controlled parameters, a large survey has been done in 24 countries (8 749 teachers). The data are submitted to multivariate analyses. In the less developed countries, the teachers’ conceptions are more anthropocentric, less awareness of the problem of the limit of resources in our planet, and less reticent to use GMO (genetically modified organisms). These teachers are more believing in God, more practicing religion, more for “a strong central power”, “against the separation between science and religion”. The priority of ESD in these countries is poverty and development, while it is to avoid wasting and excessive consumption in the most developed countries. The teachers with the most anthropocentric conceptions more agree with these propositions: “It is for biological reasons that women more often than men take care of housekeeping” and “Ethnic groups are genetically different and that is why some are superior to others”, and more disagree with: “Homosexual couples should have the same rights as heterosexual couples”. These points illustrate that some socio-cultural traditions can differ from values of ESD (the universal human rights).CIEC – FCT Research Unit 317

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural products

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) is an interesting process to obtain high valuable compounds and could contribute to the increase in the value of some food by-products when used as sources of natural compounds. The main benefits will be a more effective extraction, thus saving energy, and also the use of moderate temperatures, which is beneficial for heat-sensitive compounds. For a successful application of the USAE, it is necessary to consider the influence of several process variables, the main ones being the applied ultrasonic power, the frequency, the extraction temperature, the reactor characteristics, and the solvent-sample interaction. The highest extraction rate is usually achieved in the first few minutes, which is the most profitable period. 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