DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF MANIDIPINE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY

Objective: The present work is aimed at developing liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (liquid-SNEDDS) of manidipine. Methods: The manidipine SNEDDS is formulated with excipients comprising Capmul MCM as oil phase, Transcutol P as surfactant, and Lutrol L 300 as cosurfactant. The prepared fifteen formulations of manidipine SNEDDS were performed for emulsification time, percentage transmittance, particle size, drug release, in vitro dissolution and stability studies. Ternary phase diagram plotted using Chemix software. Results: The optimized manidipine liquid SNEDDS formulation (F14) subjected to drug-excipient compatibility studies by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and stability studies. The morphology of manidipine SNEDDS indicates spherical shape with uniform particle distribution. The percentage drug release from optimized formulation F14 (98.24±5.14%) was higher than that of pure drug (39.17±2.98%). The stability data indicated no noticeable change in drug content, emulsifying properties, drug release, and appearance. Conclusion: Hence, a potential SNEDDS formulation of manidipine developed with enhanced solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betle leaves in experimental animals

Background: Piper betle leaf, commonly known as ‘paan’ has long been known for its various medicinal properties in traditional medicine but certain properties have remained less explored. We tried to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper betle leaves.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betle leaves (HEPBL) was extracted using soxhlet apparatus and its phytochemical analysis was performed. Wistar rats and Albino mice were used for all the experiments. Acute toxicity study was also done according to OECD guideline no.425 and the test doses were decided accordingly. The experimental models of tail-flick method and acetic acid induced writhing were used to study the analgesic activity whereas carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma models were used for anti-inflammatory action. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's test.Results: HEPBL showed significant analgesic activity at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, and showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. The sub-therapeutic dose of HEPBL at 50 mg/kg also potentiated the analgesic effect of sub-therapeutic doses of standard analgesics. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of P.betle may be attributed to the presence of various phyto constituents’ viz. flavonoids, tannins, phenols and glycosides.Conclusions: HEPBL has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals in our study

A survey of early career psychiatrists’ of India towards homosexuality

Background: Attitude of today’s early career psychiatrists (ECPs), those who have qualified as psychiatrists in the past 7 years, will have a bearing on how homosexuality will be perceived in the coming decades. Hence a study was planned to assess these attitudes of ECPs towards homosexuality.Methods: It was an online survey based cross-sectional study. After obtaining an informed consent, the ECPs were enquired about their age, religion, gender, place of work (urban/rural), profile of work (teaching institute/clinic/hospital/community), their frequency and comfort in attending the homosexual patients and their comfort in referring their patient to a homosexual colleague. Further all the consenting ECPs were asked to fill in the heterosexual attitude towards homosexuality (HATH) scale.Results: The mean age of the study group of ECPs (n=57) was 34.07±3.12 and their male female ratio was 2.35. Most of the respondents attend 1-10 homosexual patients per year (n=49), 54 (94.73%) were comfortable handling homosexual patients and 45 (78.94%) were comfortable referring their patient to a homosexual colleague. The mean HATH score of all the ECPs was 58.51±6.67 and it did not vary across gender, place of practice (rural/urban) and profile of practice (teaching institute/clinic/hospital/community).Conclusions: The attitude of ECPs towards homosexuality is neutral and doesn’t vary across gender, place of practice or profile of practice. Most of the ECPs are comfortable handling homosexual patients and also feel comfortable referring their patients to homosexual colleagues.

A clinical study of surgical management of distal femur fracture using locking compression plate

Background: Fractures of distal femur are common due to increased road traffic accidents and fall from height because of increased construction activities. These fractures are quite disabling hence, these fractures necessitate early stabilization of fractures. Internal fixation with LCP has shown to give one of the best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, and clinical outcome. The aim of the study the clinical outcome of treatment of distal femur fractures using locking compression plates.Methods: A total of n=20 cases of distal femur fractures treated with LCP from December 2013 to June 2015 at NMCH and RC, Raichur. They were admitted and examined according to protocol clinically and radiologically. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months and outcome assessed with Neer’s score.Results: All fractures healed with an average duration of 16 weeks which is comparable with other studies. We had two cases of varus collapse one was due to early weight bearing in one case and other case is due to gross communition. One case had an implant failure (plate breakage) due to early weight bearing. Cases needing hardware revision is comparable to other studies at 10%. Average Neer's knee score was 76.Conclusions: we have found higher Neer’s scores in this study. The LCP also prevents compression of periosteal vessels. It may not completely solve the age-old problems associated with any fracture like non-union and malunion, but is a valuable technique in the management of these fractures. But however, in type C fractures the outcome is poorer

A study of proximal humerus fractures treated by PHILOS plating in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Proximal humeral fractures are commonly presented in the orthopedic practice. The usual method of treatment was conservative in the past. However, the results and functional outcomes were not good. With the development of PHILOS locking plates, the functional outcomes are known to be improved. We in the present study tried to evaluate the functional outcomes of proximal humerus fractures treated with PHILOS plates.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in all Adult patients with closed two-part and three-part fractures of the proximal humerus, those who have reported within a week of the injury were included in the study. A total of n=30 patients were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A standard surgical approach with PHILOS plate was used and patients were followed up for 19 to 24 months.Results: n=30 patients out of which n=16 (53.33%) were males and n=14 (46.67%) were females. The most common age group involved in the fractures was 31-35 years n=9 (30%) of the patients. Most of the patients n=21 (70%) were having Neer's two-part fractures and three-part fractures were found in n=6 (20%) and four part in n=3 (10%). The overall results in the study were 66.67% of patients had excellent results and 16.67% had good results and 10% had poor results.Conclusions: PHILOS locking plates is a better treatment option for fractures of proximal humerus especially in cases of poor bone quality and comminuted fractures

Lime-Stabilized Black Cotton Soil and Brick Powder Mixture as Subbase Material

Various researchers, for the past few decades, had tried to stabilize black cotton soil using lime for improving its shrinkage and swelling characteristics. But these days, the cost of lime has increased resulting in increase in need for alternative and cost effective waste materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash. Brick powder, one among the alternative materials, is a fine powdered waste that contains higher proportions of silica and is found near brick kilns in rural areas. The objective of the study is to investigate the use of lime-stabilized black cotton soil and brick powder mixture as subbase material in flexible pavements. Black cotton soil procured from the local area, tested for suitability as subbase material, turned out to be unsuitable as it resulted in very less CBR value. Even lime stabilization of black cotton soil under study has not showed up the required CBR value specified for the subbase material of flexible pavement by MORTH. Hence the lime-stabilized black cotton soil is proportioned with brick powder to obtain optimum mixture that yields a better CBR value. The mixture of 20% brick powder and 80% lime-stabilized black cotton soil under study resulted in increase in the CBR value by about 135% in comparison with lime-stabilized black cotton soil. Thus it is promising to use the mixture of brick powder and lime-stabilized black cotton soil as subbase material in flexible pavements

Analysis of Irregular High Raised RCC Buildings by Using Tuned Mass Damping System

Tall buildings are indispensable in urban areas due to high cost of land, shortage of open spaces and scarcity of lands. The tall buildings are in general highly vulnerable to lateral forces arising out of cyclones and earthquakes. Designing the structures to withstand these occasional lateral forces is very expensive; hence it is not always desirable. The measures to reduce the lateral forces are by way of reducing the weight of the structure and by reducing the exposed faces to thwart wind. However the architectural requirement and the utility of the building have to be honored at all times by the structural designer. Though the technique of Tuned mass damping (TMD) is very well appreciated, the mathematical implications involved in finding the magnitude of mass, stiffness and damping of the TMD is highly intricate and suitable TMD system for a given building structure, which shall remain an integral part of the structure itself, placed on top of the building yet serves the purpose of reducing the earthquake effects on buildings. The TMD methodology adopted for three irregular R.C. framed models having + (Plus)-shape , C-shape and T-shape in plan. This apart the device shall find its utility for all zones of seismic activity and ground/structural conditions and introduces various structural motion control methodologies with focus on tuned mass damping systems. The control properties and some aspects of TMD parameters are outlined. ETABS software is used for dynamic analysis of various shapes of the framed buildings

A UNIQUE SCHEME FOR SECURITY AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

While using Burrows-Abad-Needham logic, we reveal that our plan provides secure authentication. Additionally, we simulate our plan for that formal security verification while using broadly recognized and used automated validation of Internet security software methods and programs tool, and reveal that our plan is safe against passive and active attacks. Within this paper, we first evaluate He-Wang’s plan and reveal that their plan is susceptible to a known session specific temporary information attack and impersonation attack. Additionally, we reveal that their plan doesn't provide strong user’s anonymity. In addition, He-Wang’s plan cannot supply the user revocation facility once the wise card shedsOrtaken or user’s authentication parameter is revealed. Aside from these, He-Wang’s plan has some design flaws, for example wrong password login and it is effects and wrong password update during password change phase. Then we propose a brand new secure multi-server authentication protocol using biometric-based wise card and ECC with increased security benefits. Our plan provides high security together with low communication cost, computational cost, and number of security measures. Consequently, our plan is extremely appropriate for battery-limited mobile products as in comparison with He-Wang’s plan

AN IMPLEMENTATION THAT FACILITATE ANTICIPATORY TEST FORECAST FOR IM-CHIPS

These designs pose significant challenges towards the funnel management plan, flow, and tools. This paper introduces several test logic architectures that facilitate preemptive test scheduling for SC circuits with embedded deterministic test-based test data compression. This paper presents several techniques used to resolve problems surfacing when using scan bandwidth management to large industrial multicore system-on-nick (SC) designs with embedded test data compression. Exactly the same solutions allow efficient handling of physical constraints in realistic programs. Finally, condition-of-the-art SC test scheduling calculations are architected accordingly by looking into making provisions for: 1) establishing time-effective test designs 2) optimization of SC pin partitions 3) allocation of core-level channels according to scan data volume and 4) more flexible core-wise use of automatic test equipment funnel sources. An in depth situation study is highlighted herein with a number of experiments permitting someone to learn to compromise different architectures and test-related factors

A 3D FACE MODEL FOR DRIVING AN AUTOMOBILE

This paper proposes an inexpensive vision-based system to exactly identify Eyes Off target (EOR). The device has three primary components: 1) robust facial feature monitoring 2) mind pose and gaze estimation and 3) 3-D geometric reasoning to recognize EOR. Within the video stream from the camera put on the controls column, our physiques tracks facial features within the driver’s face. While using the supervised landmarks plus a 3-D face model, the device computes mind pose and gaze direction. Distracted driving is probably the primary causes of vehicle collisions within the United States. States. Passively monitoring a driver’s activities comprises the building blocks from the automobile safety system that could potentially reduce the quantity of accidents by estimating the driver’s focus of attention. Your brain pose estimation formula is robust to no rigid face deformations due to modifications in expressions. Finally, employing a 3-D geometric analysis, the device reliably detects EOR. The recommended system does not need any driver-dependent calibration or manual initialization and works instantly (25 FPS), during the day and night. Our physiques accomplished above 90% EOR precision for individuals examined situations. To validate the performance in the system in the real vehicle atmosphere, we transported out a comprehensive experimental evaluation under all types illumination conditions, facial expressions, and individuals