The Nomadic World of the South of Eastern Europe in the 2nd - 1st Centuries BC (Eastern Innovations, Facts, Causes and Consequences)

Introduction. In the process of developing the chronology of early Sarmatian culture we have allocated the monuments dated by the 2nd - 1st centuries BC and characterized by their specificity both in the material culture and in burial rites. Methods and materials. This article is devoted to the series of items from the Sarmatian burials of the 2nd - 1st centuries BC from the south of Eastern Europe having close analogies in the sites of Central Asia. The items are represented with different types of swords, bronze openwork belt buckles, latticed and gigantic belt buckles, clay cubic censers, miniature copies of boilers and quivers with bows. Analysis. New features have been marked in the funeral rites. Burials in the decks got popularity, which had resemblance with the decks used in the burial practice of Tuva’s population of the last centuries BC. The percentage of northern orientation of the buried was significantly increased in some areas of the Volga and the Don regions. The analysis of the historical situation testifies to the migration of a number of nomadic groups away from China’s northwestern borders due to the aggressive policy of Xiongnu. This event caused the changes in ethnopolitical situation in Central Asia, the Greco-Bactrian kingdom ceased to exist due to nomadic attacks. The nomadic population of this region with the eastern elements in their culture had significantly increased. Great changes occured in the South Ural, the Volga-Don region and in the Northern Black Sea Coast, where the groups of nomads appeared which had not been mentioned in written sources before: Aorses, Siraki, Roksolans, Satarkhi. The occurred changes found reflection in written works of ancient authors. Results. Thus, the events that took place on the northern borders of China, associated with the formation of the Hunnish nomadic empire, led to a significant change in the ethnopolitical situation up to the Northern Black Sea Coast region

Expansionfree Fluid Evolution and Skripkin Model in f(R) Theory

We consider the modified $f(R)$ theory of gravity whose higher order curvature terms are interpreted as a gravitational fluid or dark source. The gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric star, made up of locally anisotropic viscous fluid, is studied under the general influence of the curvature fluid. Dynamical equations and junction conditions are modified in the context of f(R) dark energy and by taking into account the expansionfree evolution of the self-gravitating fluid. As a particular example, the Skripkin model is investigated which corresponds to isotropic pressure with constant energy density. The results are compared with corresponding results in General Relativity.Comment: 18 pages, accepted for publication Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Some problems in the study of the chronology of the ancient nomadic cultures in Eurasia (9th - 3rd centuries BC)

This research is focused on the chronological investigations of ancient nomads belonging to the Scythian cultures which occupied the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eurasia during the 9th-3rd centuries BC. The 14C dates for the pre-scythian and early scythian time in both Europe and Asia are presented and compared to their chronological position based on archaeological evidence. The first 14C dates have been produced for the Scythian time monuments located in the Lower Volga River basin, Urals and Transurals regions. Their chronological positions are compared with the position of the monuments of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. It was shown that the nomadic cultures belonging to the Scythian culture began to exist over the wide territory of Eurasia from the 9th-8th centuries cal BC and there are some monuments which may be synchronous to the Arzhan royal barrow (the oldest monument known). A list of new 14C dates and a map of the monuments are presented

A chronology of the Scythian antiquities of Eurasia based on new archaeological and C-14 data

The paper is compares the chronology of the monuments of the Scythian epoch located in the east and west of the Eurasian steppe zone on the basis of both archaeological and radiocarbon data. The lists of C-14 dates for the monuments located in different parts of Eurasia are presented according to the periods of their existence. Generally, the C-14 dates are confirmed the archaeological point of view and allow us to compare the chronological position of the European and Asian Scythian monuments on the united C-14 time scale

Application of remote monitoring and ground-based sensing in pastoralism

The development and implementation of an innovative system applying digital aerospace technologies in pastoralism constitute one of the current trends in agricultural development designed to solve numerous problems associated with soil fertility restoration in grazing pastures. Here, a promising line of research is to explore the feasibility of using satellite systems for an overall nutrient yield assessment per hectare of grazing land. The present article describes a comprehensive approach to the optimization of pastoralism that is based on remote methods for assessing pasture fertility using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial Earth satellites. An analysis of existing methodological approaches reveals that the formalization of prediction processes is complicated by the lack of a theoretical basis for creating appropriate model-algorithmic support. The data on vegetation index dynamics and the nutritional values of forage plants obtained by interpreting imagery from a UAV camera and the multispectral cameras of a satellite service, as well as data from a portable handheld nitrogen sensor, were compared with the actual nutritional values of pasture plants. The study results provide a means to optimize the grouping of grazing animals, taking into account the actual possibility of achieving an increase in live weight. The provided findings indicate the possibility of achieving an additional 11.06% increase in daily live weight gain in young sheep (Jalgin Merino) when keeping them in pasture areas having a vegetation index of at least 0.5. Remote monitoring based on satellite service allows more efficient use of pastures. Study shows a positive relationship between remote sensing NDVI and feed nutritional value. Animal grazing optimization provides an additional 11.06% increase in live weight gain

Review of experimental results from SND detector

The review of experimental results obtained with SND detector at VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider in the energy region $\sqrt[]{s}=0.36$ -- 1.38 GeV is given. The presented results include the following items: studies of the light vector mesons radiative decays, OZI-rule and G-parity suppressed $\phi$-meson rare decays, $\phi$-meson parameters measurements, studies of $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ process dynamics, $\eta$ and $K_S$ mesons rare decays, $\eta$ and $\phi$ mesons conversion decays, and study of the $e^+e^-$ annihilation into hadrons.Comment: 12 pages and 6 figures. Talk given at the IX International Conference on Hadron Spectroskopy, Protvino, Russia, August 25 - September 1, 200

Cavity evolution in relativistic self-gravitating fluids

We consider the evolution of cavities within spherically symmetric relativistic fluids, under the assumption that proper radial distance between neighboring fluid elements remains constant during their evolution (purely areal evolution condition). The general formalism is deployed and solutions are presented. Some of them satisfy Darmois conditions whereas others present shells and must satisfy Israel conditions, on either one or both boundary surfaces. Prospective applications of these results to some astrophysical scenarios is suggested.Comment: 10 pages Revtex. To appear in Class. Quantum Grav