An intelligent approach for anomaly detection in credit card data using bat optimization algorithm

As technology advances, many people are utilising credit cards to purchase their necessities, and the number of credit card scams is increasing tremendously. However, illegal card transactions have been on the rise, costing financial institutions millions of dollars each year. The development of efficient fraud detection techniques is critical in reducing these deficits, but it is difficult due to the extremely unbalanced nature of most credit card datasets. As compared to conventional fraud detection methods, the proposed method will help in automatically detecting the fraud, identifying hidden correlations in data and reduced time for verification process. This is achieved by selecting relevant and unique features by using Bat Optimization Algorithm (BOA). Next, balancing is performed in the highly imbalanced credit card fraud dataset using Synthetic Minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). Then finally the CNN model for anomaly detection in credit card data is built using full center loss function to improve fraud detection performance and stability. The proposed model is tested with Kaggle dataset and yields around 99% accuracy

Optimal Deep Learning-Based Recognition Model for EEG Enabled Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Motor-Imagery

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) facilitate the translation of brain activity into actionable commands and act as a crucial link between the human brain and the external environment. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs, which focus on motor imagery, have emerged as an important area of study in this domain. They are used in neurorehabilitation, neuroprosthetics, and gaming, among other applications. Optimal Deep Learning-Based Recognition for EEG Signal Motor Imagery (ODLR-EEGSM) is a novel approach presented in this article that aims to improve the recognition of motor imagery from EEG signals. The proposed method includes several crucial stages to improve the precision and effectiveness of EEG-based motor imagery recognition. The pre-processing phase starts with the Variation Mode Decomposition (VMD) technique, which is used to improve EEG signals. The EEG signals are decomposed into different oscillatory modes by VMD, laying the groundwork for subsequent feature extraction. Feature extraction is a crucial component of the ODLR-EEGSM method. In this study, we use Stacked Sparse Auto Encoder (SSAE) models to identify significant patterns in the pre-processed EEG data. Our approach is based on the classification model using Deep Wavelet Neural Network (DWNN) optimized with Chaotic Dragonfly Algorithm (CDFA). CDFA optimizes the weight and bias values of the DWNN, significantly improving the classification accuracy of motor imagery. To evaluate the efficacy of the ODLR-EEGSM method, we use benchmark datasets to perform rigorous performance validation. The results show that our approach outperforms current methods in the classification of EEG motor imagery, confirming its promising performance. This study has the potential to make brain-computer interface applications in various fields more accurate and efficient, and pave the way for brain-controlled interactions with external systems and devices

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of γ-oxoacids by acid permanganate

845-848Kinetics of oxidation of unsubstituted and substituted γ-oxoacids by acid permanganate in aqueous acetic acid medium have been studied at high and low [H3O+]. At high [H3O+], the reaction is first order each in [oxoacid], [MnO] and [H3O+]. At low [H3O+], the reaction is zero order in [MnO] and first order each in [H3O+] and the [oxoacid].Variation in ionic strength of the reaction medium has no significant effect on the rate of oxidation. But the rate of the reaction is enhanced by lowering the dielectric constant of the reaction medium. Electron-releasing substituents in the aromatic ring accelerate the reaction rates and electron-withdrawing substituents retard them. The value of the reaction constant (ρ) at 303 K (at [H3O+] = 1M) obtained from the Hammett's plot is -1.49 (corr. coeff. = 0.998). A mechanism consistent with the observed results has been suggested and the related rate laws deduced. Activation parameters have been computed

Kinetics of oxidation of 4-oxoacids by permanganate in buffer media

183-186Oxidation of 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid and its phenyl substituted compounds by permanganate in different buffer media is first order each in [oxoacid] and [MnO4-]. The reactions undergo general acid catalysis. Addition of electrolytes has no significant effect on the reaction rate. Electron releasing substituents in aromatic ring enhance the reaction rates while electron withdrawing substituents retard them. The reaction constant p is - 1.08 at 303 ± 0.1 K. The oxidation products have been identified and activation parameters are computed. A mechanism consistant with the kinetic results has been proposed

Extraction and application of keratin from natural resources: a review

Over recent years, keratin has gained great popularity due to its exceptional biocompatible and biodegradable nature. It has shown promising results in various industries like poultry, textile, agriculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical. Keratin is a multipurpose biopolymer that has been used in the production of fbrous composites, and with necessary modifcations, it can be developed into gels, flms, nanoparticles, and microparticles. Its stability against enzymatic degradation and unique biocompatibility has found their way into biomedical applications and regenerative medicine. This review discusses the structure of keratin, its classifcation and its properties. It also covers various methods by which keratin is extracted like chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic and microbial treatment, dissolution in ionic liquids, microwave irradiation, steam explo�sion technique, and thermal hydrolysis or superheated process. Special emphasis is placed on its utilisation in the form of hydrogels, flms, fbres, sponges, and scafolds in various biotechnological and industrial sectors. The present review can be noteworthy for the researchers working on natural protein and related usag