1,750 research outputs found
Relationships Between Wood Density and Annual Growth Rate Components in Balsam Fir (Abies Balsamea)
This study examined relationships of wood density components with annual growth rate components (or annual ring width components) in juvenile wood and mature wood of balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]. The relationships were studied at two different levels: 1) inter-tree level (between trees), and 2) intra-tree level (within a tree). In addition, juvenile-mature wood correlations for these characteristics were investigated. Wood density and annual ring width components of individual growth rings were measured by X-ray densitometry. Based on tree averages (at the inter-tree level), wood density is significantly correlated with its components (earlywood density, latewood density) and latewood percentage in both juvenile wood and mature wood; and earlywood density and latewood percentage are the two most important parameters in determining the overall wood density of the tree. Wood density, however, is not significantly correlated with annual growth rate (ring width) in either juvenile wood or mature wood, although a weakly negative correlation tends to strengthen in mature wood. This suggests that the relationship between wood density and annual growth rate in this species may vary with cambial age. Intra-ring wood density variation (IDV) shows a positive correlation with wood density traits, latewood width, and latewood percentage in both juvenile wood and mature wood, whereas a weakly negative correlation of IDV with ring width and earlywood width exists in balsam fir. Latewood traits are the most important parameters in determining the intra-ring wood density uniformity. At the intra-tree level (based on ring averages within a tree), relationships between wood density components and ring width components are similar to those found between the trees, although some relationships, to some extent, vary with tree. For each wood density trait, the juvenile-mature wood correlation is significant but moderate. For this species, earlywood density in juvenile wood seems to be the best parameter for predicting mature wood density
Collisional stability of localized Yb() atoms immersed in a Fermi sea of Li
We establish an experimental method for a detailed investigation of inelastic
collisional properties between ytterbium (Yb) in the metastable
state and ground state lithium (Li). By combining an optical
lattice and a direct excitation to the state we achieve high
selectivity on the collisional partners. Using this method we determine
inelastic loss coefficients in collisions between
Yb() with magnetic sublevels of and and
ground state Li to be
and , respectively. Absence
of spin changing processes in Yb()-Li inelastic collisions at
low magnetic fields is confirmed by inelastic loss measurements on the
state. We also demonstrate that our method allows us to look into loss
processes in few-body systems separately.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Holographic Techni-dilaton
Techni-dilaton, a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of scale symmetry, was
predicted long ago in the Scale-invariant/Walking/Conformal Technicolor
(SWC-TC) as a remnant of the (approximate) scale symmetry associated with the
conformal fixed point, based on the conformal gauge dynamics of ladder
Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equation with non-running coupling. We study the
techni-dilaton as a flavor-singlet bound state of techni-fermions by including
the techni-gluon condensate (tGC) effect into the previous (bottom-up)
holographic approach to the SWC-TC, a deformation of the holographic QCD with
by large anomalous dimension . With
including a bulk scalar field corresponding to the gluon condensate, we first
improve the Operator Product Expansion of the current correlators so as to
reproduce gluonic term both in QCD and SWC-TC. We find in QCD about
(negative) contribution of gluon condensate to the meson mass. We
also calculate the oblique electroweak -parameter in the presence of the
effect of the tGC and find that for the fixed value of the tGC effects
dramatically reduce the flavor-singlet scalar (techni-dilaton) mass (in the unit of ), while the vector and axial-vector masses
and are rather insensitive to the tGC, where is the
decay constant of the techni-pion. If we use the range of values of tGC implied
by the ladder SD analysis of the non-perturbative scale anomaly in the large
QCD near the conformal window, the phenomenological constraint predicts the techni-dilaton mass GeV which is within
reach of LHC discovery.Comment: 28 pages, 11 eps files, typos corrected, references added, Fig.1
corrected, some discussions added, to be published in PR
Kaluza-Klein bubble like structure and celestial sphere in inflationary universe
We consider five dimensional deSitter spacetimes with a deficit angle due to
the presence of a closed 2-brane and identify one dimension as an extra
dimension. From the four dimensional viewpoint we can see that the spacetime
has a structure similar to a Kaluza-Klein bubble of nothing, that is, four
dimensional spacetime ends at the 2-brane. Since a spatial section of the full
deSitter spacetime has the topology of a sphere, the boundary surface surrounds
the remaining four dimensional spacetime, and can be considered as the
celestial sphere. After the spacetime is created from nothing via an instanton
which we describe, some four dimensional observers in it see the celestial
sphere falling down, and will be in contact with a 2-brane attached on it.Comment: 5pages, 4figures, to be published in GR
First-principles study on scanning tunneling microscopy images of hydrogen-terminated Si(110) surfaces
Scanning tunneling microscopy images of hydrogen-terminated Si(110) surfaces
are studied using first-principles calculations. Our results show that the
calculated filled-state images and local density of states are consistent with
recent experimental results, and the empty-state images appear significantly
different from the filled-state ones. To elucidate the origin of this
difference, we examined in detail the local density of states, which affects
the images, and found that the bonding and antibonding states of surface
silicon atoms largely affect the difference between the filled- and empty-state
images.Comment: 4 pages, and 4 figure
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