Phase Structure of Four-dimensional Simplicial Quantum Gravity with a U(1) Gauge Field

The phase structure of four-dimensional simplicial quantum gravity coupled to U(1) gauge fields has been studied using Monte-Carlo simulations. The smooth phase is found in the intermediate region between the crumpled phase and the branched polymer phase. This new phase has a negative string susceptibility exponent, even if the number of vector fields (Nv) is 1. The phase transition between the crumpled phase and the smooth phase has been studied by a finite size scaling method. From the numerical results, we expect that this model (coupled to one gauge field) has a higher order phase transition than first order, which means the possibility to take the continuum limit at the critical point. Furthermore, we consider a modification of the balls-in-boxes model for a clear understanding of the relation between the numerical results and the analytical one.Comment: 18 pages, latex, 6 figures, uses psfig.st

A superspace formulation of Abelian antisymmetric tensor gauge theory

We apply a superspace formulation to the four-dimensional gauge theory of a massless Abelian antisymmetric tensor field of rank 2. The theory is formulated in a six-dimensional superspace using rank-2 tensor, vector and scalar superfields and their associated supersources. It is shown that BRS transformation rules of fields are realized as Euler-Lagrange equations without assuming the so-called horizontality condition and that a generating functional $\bar{W}$ constracted in the superspace reduces to that for the ordinary gauge theory of Abelian rank-2 antisymmetric tensor field. The WT identity for this theory is derived by making use of the superspace formulation and is expressed in a neat and compact form $\partial\bar{W}/\partial\theta=0$.Comment: Latex, 19pages, No fig

A Pilot Study: The Beneficial Effects of Combined Statin-exercise Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Mild Cognitive Decline.

Objective Hypercholesterolemia, a risk factor in cognitive impairment, can be treated with statins. However, cognitive decline associated with "statins" (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) is a clinical concern. This pilot study investigated the effects of combining statins and regular exercise on cognitive function in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with prior mild cognitive decline. Methods We recruited 43 consecutive CAD patients with mild cognitive decline. These patients were treated with a statin and weekly in-hospital aerobic exercise for 5 months. We measured serum lipids, exercise capacity, and cognitive function using the mini mental state examination (MMSE). Results Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased, and maximum exercise capacity (workload) was significantly increased in patients with CAD and mild cognitive decline after treatment compared with before. Combined statin-exercise therapy significantly increased the median (range) MMSE score from 24 (22-25) to 25 (23-27) across the cohort (p<0.01). Changes in body mass index (BMI) were significantly and negatively correlated with changes in the MMSE. After treatment, MMSE scores in the subgroup of patients that showed a decrease in BMI were significantly improved, but not in the BMI-increased subgroup. Furthermore, the patients already on a statin at the beginning of the trial displayed a more significant improvement in MMSE score than statin-naïve patients, implying that exercise might be the beneficial aspect of this intervention as regards cognition. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age >65 years, sex, and presence of diabetes mellitus, a decrease in BMI during statin-exercise therapy was significantly correlated with an increase in the MMSE score (odds ratio: 4.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-20.0; p<0.05). Conclusion Statin-exercise therapy may help improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with CAD and pre-existing mild cognitive decline

Collective Flow Measurements from the PHENIX Experiment

Recent collective flow measurements including higher moment event anisotropy from the PHENIX experiment are presented, and the particle type, beam energy dependence and the relation with jet modification are discussed. The measured higher order event anisotropy with event plane defined at forward rapidities and the long range correlation with large $\eta$ gaps are both consistent with initial geometrical fluctuation of the participating nuclei. In 200 GeV Au+Au collisions, higher order event anisotropy, especially simultaneous description of v$_2$ and v$_3$, is found to give an additional constraining power on initial geometrical condition and viscosity in the hydrodynamic calculations. v$_2$, v$_3$ and v$_4$ are almost unchanged down to the lower colliding energy at 39 GeV in Au+Au. The measured two particle correlation with subtraction of the measured v$_n$ parameters shows a significant effect on the shape and yield in the associate particle $\Delta\phi$ distribution with respect to the azimuthal direction of trigger particles. However some medium responses from jet suppression or jet modification seems to be observed. Direct photon v$_2$ has been measured in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions. The measured v$_2$ is found to be small at high p$_{\rm T}$ as expected from non-suppressed direct photon R$_{\rm AA}$ $\simeq$ 1, which can be understood as being dominated by prompt photons from initial hard scattering. On the other hand, at lower p$_{\rm T}$ $<$ 4 GeV/c it is found to be significantly larger than zero, which is comparable to other hadron v$_2$, where thermal photons are observed.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, Quark Matter 2011 proceeding

Influence of grip types and intensities on force-decreasing curves and physiological responses during sustained muscle contractions

金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系福井大学医学部This study examined relationships between force outputs during sustained isometric grips (SIG) and intermittent repeated grips (IRG) with three relative target forces (50%, 75%, and 100% MVC), and subjective muscle-fatigue sensation (SMS) and blood lactate during and after gripping tests. Ten young men performed sustained grip tests with 2 grip types and 3 target forces for 6 min. Lactate and maximal grip strength were measured before, just after and 4 min and 7 min after each grip test. SMS of the forearm was measured every 30 s during and after each grip test. The relationships of average grip force in every 30 s between SIG and IRG were not good. The lactate values after IRG tests with 75% and 100% MVC tended to be higher than in the other conditions. The tendency for decline differs with grip type, intensity (target forces) and the force outputs among the conditions. The muscle fatigue level in the SIG and IRG tests may differ largely even when using the same target force. Although the SIG imposes a larger burden on subjects than the IRG, lactate after gripping work is lower. © Springer-Verlag Italia 2008

Vacuum energy for the supersymmetric twisted D-brane in constant electromagnetic field

We calculate vacuum energy for twisted SUSY D-brane on toroidal background with constant magnetic or constant electric field. Its behaviour for toroidal D-brane (p=2) in constant electric field shows the presence of stable minimum for twisted versions of the theory. That indicates such a background maybe reasonable groundstate.Comment: LaTeX, 10 page