Usual Tumor at an Unusual Site - A Leiomyoma Masquerading as a Urethral Polyp.

Polyps and papillomas encompass the most common benign tumors of the urethra.Leiomyoma of urethra is a rare clinical entity which can be diagnosed only with histopathological examination and only around 35 such cases have been reported worldwide

Reusability in manufacturing, supported by value net and patterns approaches

The concept of manufacturing and the need or desire to create artefacts or products is very, very old, yet it is still an essential component of all modem economies. Indeed, manufacturing is one of the few ways that wealth is created. The creation or identification of good quality, sustainable product designs is fundamental to the success of any manufacturing enterprise. Increasingly, there is also a requirement for the manufacturing system which will be used to manufacture the product, to be designed (or redesigned) in parallel with the product design. Many different types of manufacturing knowledge and information will contribute to these designs. A key question therefore for manufacturing companies to address is how to make the very best use of their existing, valuable, knowledge resources. […] The research reported in this thesis examines ways of reusing existing manufacturing knowledge of many types, particularly in the area of manufacturing systems design. The successes and failures of reported reuse programmes are examined, and lessons learnt from their experiences. This research is therefore focused on identifying solutions that address both technical and non-technical requirements simultaneously, to determine ways to facilitate and increase the reuse of manufacturing knowledge in manufacturing system design. [Continues.

Psychology Case Record

ADJUSTMENT DISORDER: BORDERLINE INTELLIGENCE: Patient was apparently normal about a week prior to admission. Informants report that patient is not a good student and used to perform poorly in all his class exams. He was given pass marks by the school authorities in spite poor performance in all the exams. Once patient reached 10th standard, his school teacher apparently warned him that if he did not perform well in the forthcoming class tests, he would not be allowed to sit for his final exams. Following this, patient got very upset and was found to be sitting depressed the whole day and expressed fearfulness. He also had crying spells, decreased concentration in his studies. Patient also expressed suicidal ideas and was found to sleep very less at night. SUMMARY: Patient obtained an IQ score of 75 indicating Border line level of Intellectual functioning. SCHIZOPHRENIA: Patient was apparently alright about 4 years back. He reported that his colleagues at his work place have made a plan against him and trying to get him removed from the job. He also reported that his parents are against him and his mother does not take care of him properly. He accuses his mother of giving affection only for his elder brother and because of which he is in a very good position and become a lawyer. Patient also expressed suspiciousness that people in the neighboring streets talk about him and discuss about him. Parents report that patient would apparently pick up fights with a lot of people for this reason. He would be found smiling and muttering to himself at various times and would not have any explanation for the same. Parents also report that, patient would not take bath regularly, refuse to comb his hair, change clothes and had very poor personal hygiene. He has repeatedly changed jobs and has not held a single job for more than a month. Many times the patient was terminated from the job as he was not found to be efficient. He complained of disturbed sleep and parents reported that he would roam around in the night aimlessly. SUMMARY: Overall, testing showed the presence of formal thought disorder, possibly Schizophrenia. DISSOCIATIVE MOTOR DISORDER: Patient apparently got married about 9 months back. On the same day, she started complaining of having back pain which was of severe nature and lasting few minutes to 2 hours. She consulted many neurologists and orthopaedicians for the same. All the investigations were done and found to be normal. She was prescribed medications but she did not report any improvement in her back pain with them. Patient also had sleep disturbance for a week before coming to psychiatry OPD. She had told her family that she does to wish to live as she was unable to tolerate the pain. She was eating very little as she complained that intake of food worsened her pain. Two days before presentation to OPD, patient started having episodes of unresponsiveness for a few minutes. These episodes used to be accompanied by swirling movements of the body and patient was found lifting both her lower limbs. She reported complete amnesia for the episode. After 15 to 20 minutes patient used to become completely alright and no confusion was noticed. SUMMARY: Assessment is indicative of significant stressors in the form of unresolved conflicts. Affective symptoms are also present. Current dissociative symptoms can be possibly attributed to poor coping skills. RECURRENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: Patient was apparently normal about 5 days prior to admission. Her husband had been insisting that she should join for work, so she joined as a daily wager in a nearby mill. Following that, patient was found to have disturbed sleep. She was appearing sad all the time, not taking any interest in her daily routine work. She complained of feeling tired even on doing minimal work. Patient was not taking care of her children as before. She used to be preoccupied in her own thoughts and would be found sitting in the same place for long periods of time. She complained of hearing nonexistent voices which were commenting about her continuously. She expressed wishes to die on several occasions. Initially, patient was having less communication with family members but within two days she became completely mute, stopped eating food, after which she was brought to the hospital. SUMMARY: Overall, Testing is indicative of presence of Depressive features. DEMENTIA: Patient was apparently normal until 4 months back, following which, his family members noticed him to be repeating the same sentences many times. He had significant sleep disturbance and for the last two months, he stopped going for work. Family members report that many times he has failed to recognise his close friends and family members and has landed up calling them by some other name. On few occasions, he apparently forgot the way to his house and lost his way. He went on some other unfamiliar road and was brought back home by the family members. He talks irrelevantly at times saying that he is in his office when actually he would be elsewhere. At times he would apparently just sit in the same place and stare at the ground for long periods of time. Patient had to be repeatedly instructed by the family members to do his routine activities. He would ask for breakfast twice saying that he had not had it, when in fact, the family would have given the same some few minutes earlier. His sleep was found to be disturbed

Speaker Recognition Based Home Automation Using Matlab

Due to decline in both physical and mental abilities, some elderly are not allowed to leave the bed without assistance. Some time they are unable to make the desirable bodily movements and repositioning. In this paper the home automation is obtained using MATLAB based speaker recognition. The feature extraction of speech signal is done by using MFCC and for selection of features of speech signal vector quantization is used. By using above two steps the speaker is recognized and then this is given to the microcontroller by using serial communication .Then the particular home appliance get operated

A Community Based Study on Menstrual Hygiene among Reproductive Age Group Women in a Rural Area, Tamil Nadu

Background: Women suffer due to their ignorance on hygienic requirement during menstruation. Hygiene‑related practices of women during menstruation are of considerable importance, as it has a health impact in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections (RTI). Aims: This study aims to assess the hygienic practices during menstruation and influence of socio-demographic factors on menstrual hygienic practices among women of reproductive age-group. Subjects and Methods: It is a cross‑sectional community‑based study conducted among 200 women of reproductive age group (15-45 years) in a rural field practice area, VMKV Medical college, Salem in Oct–Dec 2013 by using simple random sampling technique. Using structured pretested questionnaire, women were interviewed regarding their sociodemographic history and menstrual hygiene practices. Result: Majority of study population, 36% (72/200) belonged to the 21-30 year age group. About 75% (150/200) were married. Majority of women were unskilled workers 35% (70/200), had primary education 43.3% (86/200), and 54.3% (108/200) belonged to lower middle class. The mean age of menarche among the reproductive age‑group women was 13.15 years. Majority of women 51.8% (104/200) used cloth during menstruation; about 45.7% (91/200) used the same cloth by washing and reusing every month. There was a significant influence of sociodemographic factors and hygienic practices during menstruation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Most women were found to follow unhygienic practices. Hence, efforts such as improving female literacy and health education regarding the various risk factors should be made by the policy makers to increase menstrual hygiene among rural population. Keywords: Menstrual hygiene, reproductive age‑group women, rural are