Motivation System of Students and Teaching Staff of Higher Educational Institutions for Research Work Accomplishment

This paper considers the main directions in the field of scientific and research work activation of students, young scientists and teaching staff. In the first part of this paper the main types of students’ scientific and research work (SSRW) are enumerated. The recommendations are given on motivation of students for scientific and research work accomplishment. The system of scientific and research work organization developed for teachers and students in Tomsk Polytechnic University is presented. A new technology of efficient research work arrangement is a scoring system of teachers’ activity assessment. Every faculty member gets points for personal scientific and research activity. Teaching load for the next term is spread among the teachers of the department following the results of obtained points

Formal and Semantic Structure of Contexts of Text Clip AND THEN

The textual clip AND THEN from the point of view of its formation as a service unit and from the point of view of the specifics of the contexts in which it functions is considered. The research material is taken from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the object of study is of interest both in terms of a multidimensional study of the system of functional words in general and specialized means of text communication, in particular, and in the aspect of studying the principles of organizing the text itself, forming its content and structure. It is argued that the semantics of succession the elements that make up the clip AND THEN was the basis for the development of the textual function of the clip. The connective semantics of the clip is substantiated on the basis of its function of introducing an additional message and a marker for changing the aspect of the discussion of one topic. It is proved that the textual clip does not indicate the relationship of succession between propositions, but the sequence in the development of the speaker’s thought. Particular attention is paid to the classification of typical contexts of the clip, built considering the nature of the relationships within the text fragments connected with the clip. It is concluded that the textual clip AND THEN has both the ability to thematic organization of the text, and the signs of an indicator of logical-semantic relations

Contextual Conditions for Functioning of Lexemes of Comparative Semantics

The article is devoted to the analysis of the compatibility of lexemes of comparative semantics sopostavleniye ‘comparison’ and v sopostavlenii s ‘in comparison with’. The question about ways of representation of components of comparative meaning in superficial syntactic structure is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the modern approach to grammar through the prism of semantics. The paper shows the possible ways to verbalize objects of comparison within the construction in a simple sentence. The main attention is paid to the description of typical contexts of the studied lexemes. The novelty of the research lies in the results obtained. The study found out that these tokens are characterized by two types of context: mental and evaluative, which reflects the procedure of comparison as a mental act. Attention is drawn to the fact that the matching parameter is verbalized in the evaluative context type. The semantic classification of mental predicates forming typical contexts of lexemes of comparative semantics is proposed. A comparative analysis is made of typical contexts of the lexeme sopostavleniye and noun relative v sopostavlenii s . The difference is shown both in the types of mental predicates that are specific to each of the tokens and in the types of contexts. It is established that another type of context is typical for the noun relative - existential context. As a result, it is concluded that the difference in typical contexts confirms the fact of started separation of the word form v sopostavlenii s from the paradigm of noun sopostavleniye

Text Bond TAK ILI INACHE: Types of Constructions and Functional-Semantic Potential

The question of the specificity of text functions of combination tak ili inache ‘anyway’ is covered. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time this combination is described in terms of its functioning in the text, the types of contexts characteristic of it are analyzed. The analysis revealed that the combination tak ili inache functions as means of text bond with an alternative-concessive meaning. The relevance of the study is determined by a multidimensional approach to the description of tak ili inache textual nature: this phenomenon is analyzed in terms of semantic, syntactic and communicative-pragmatic features. The characteristic of a combination tak ili inache in explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of functional parts of speech is presented; the concept of a text bond in a circle of adjacent terms is described. It is established that the text bond tak ili inache is a formal means of organizing text constructions, structure of these constructions is described, especially the implementation of the left and right component. Special attention is paid to the explication of the communicative and pragmatic potential of the bond. On the basis of the analysis of the propositions content of the left part of structures with tak ili inache , the contextual modifications of the studied structures are distinguished. The ability of the bond to create typical text constructions characteristic of journalistic and scientific texts is noted

Obesity and reproductive function of women: epigenetic and somato-psychological features

The review article presents data on the effects of obesity on the female reproductive system and offspring of mothers with overweight or obesity, such as infertility, miscarriages, premature birth, stillbirth, congenital anomalies and prematurity, as well as a high risk of cesarean section. Obesity accompanies polycystic ovary syndrome, worsening the metabolic profile and increasing the risk of developing depression and eating disorders. Maternal obesity and hyperglycemia are able to influence the formation of the fetus by epigenetic mechanisms without affecting the nucleotide sequences. Subsequently, the metabolic and cardiovascular risks increase in the descendants of obese or overweight mothers and gestational diabetes. Patients with obesity are characterized by a folic acid deficiency and a deficiency of the luteal phase. Exogenous administration of these substances improves pregnancy outcomes and prevents congenital malformations

Genotyping of Capreolus pygargus Fossil DNA from Denisova Cave Reveals Phylogenetic Relationships between Ancient and Modern Populations

BACKGROUND: The extant roe deer (Capreolus Gray, 1821) includes two species: the European roe deer (C. capreolus) and the Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus) that are distinguished by morphological and karyotypical differences. The Siberian roe deer occupies a vast area of Asia and is considerably less studied than the European roe deer. Modern systematics of the Siberian roe deer remain controversial with 4 morphological subspecies. Roe deer fossilized bones are quite abundant in Denisova cave (Altai Mountains, South Siberia), where dozens of both extant and extinct mammalian species from modern Holocene to Middle Pleistocene have been retrieved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed a 629 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region from ancient bones of 10 Holocene and four Pleistocene Siberian roe deer from Denisova cave as well as 37 modern specimen belonging to populations from Altai, Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan), Yakutia, Novosibirsk region and the Russian Far East. Genealogical reconstructions indicated that most Holocene haplotypes were probably ancestral for modern roe deer populations of Western Siberia and Tian Shan. One of the Pleistocene haplotypes was possibly ancestral for modern Yakutian populations, and two extinct Pleistocene haplotypes were close to modern roe deer from Tian Shan and Yakutia. Most modern geographical populations (except for West Siberian Plains) are heterogeneous and there is some tentative evidence for structure. However, we did not find any distinct phylogenetic signal characterizing particular subspecies in either modern or ancient samples. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from both ancient and modern samples of Siberian roe deer shed new light on understanding the evolutionary history of roe deer. Our data indicate that during the last 50,000 years multiple replacements of populations of the Siberian roe deer took place in the Altai Mountains correlating with climatic changes. The Siberian roe deer represent a complex and heterogeneous species with high migration rates and without evident subspecies structure. Low genetic diversity of the West Siberian Plain population indicates a recent bottleneck or founder effect

Цитогенетические показатели, пролиферация и апоптоз эпителиальных клеток у детей, больных бронхиальной астмой

Karyological analysis of buccal epithelial cells obtained from 70 children with atopic asthma and 90 non-asthmatic children living in Tula was performed. Asthma children had higher rate of cytogenetic lesions (portions of cells with micronuclei and protrusions were 2.22 ‰ vs 1.66 ‰ in controls; p < 0.05) and apoptosis (14.3 ‰ and 11.0 ‰, respectively; p < 0.001) in buccal epithelial cells. The lesions were more prominent in exacerbation and in severe asthma. Alterations of buccal epithelial cells corresponded to those in other tissues, in particular bronchial epithelial cells; this fact confirms similar lesions in these cell populations in asthmatic patients.Проведен полный кариологический анализ буккального эпителия у 70 детей, страдающих атопической бронхиальной астмой (БА) и 90 детей из группы сравнения, проживающих в Туле. У детей с атопической БА повышен уровень цитогенетических нарушений (доля клеток с микроядрами и протрузиями составила 2,22 и 1,66 ‰ соответственно; р < 0,05) и апоптоза клеток буккального эпителия (14,3 и 11,0 ‰; p < 0,001). Более выраженные изменения отмечены в период обострения и при тяжелом течении заболевания. Изменения буккального эпителия соответствуют изменениям, выявленным при исследовании других клеточных популяций больных БА, в частности бронхиального эпителия, что свидетельствует об однонаправленных изменениях этих клеточных популяций в организме

Пути снижения частоты высоких ампутаций, постампутационных осложнений и летальности при синдроме диабетической стопы

Despite the success in treatment, currently 30.0% of patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) still undergo high amputations with a mortality rate of up to 54.0–68.0 %. The causes of high low limb amputations in 28.0 % of patients are infection, and in 46.0 % – arterial insufficiency in the stage of critical limb ischemia.Objective: to improve the results of patients treatment by reducing the number of high amputations of the lower extremities, reducing the occurrence of complications and deaths of the disease.Materials and methods. To study the results of treatment of patients with DFS, they were divided into two comparison groups and two main groups. From 1982 to 2019, the frequency of amputations, mainly at the hip level, was 71.0 % (177 amputations in 248 patients). These patients formed the first comparison group of observations. The second comparison group (1988–1994) included 58.3 % of patients in whom amputations were performed according to more stringent indications (157 amputations in 269 patients). The first main group of observations (1995–2013) included 9.9 % of patients with DFS who were amputated only for wet gangrene, incurable critical limb ischemia, and infection with a systemic inflammatory response (130 amputations out of 1312 patients). In ischemia with preserved blood flow through the deep artery of the thigh, amputation of the lower leg was performed in a sequential-two-flap method with removal of the soleus muscle. Amputations were completed with the imposition of drainage removable muscle-fascial sutures. The second main group (2014) consisted of 11.4 % of patients who underwent amputations only for sepsis or wet gangrene (124 amputations in 1083 patients). The difference between the second main group and the first was the division of the high amputation intervention into 2 stages.Results. Comparison of the treatment results in the main groups and in the comparison groups revealed a 6-fold decrease in the number of high amputations (from 64.6 to 10.69 %) and a significant improvement in the main quality indicators. This concerns a 6-fold decrease in mortality, which was a consequence of the introduction of a two-stage tactic for high amputation treatment of the most severe patients and the limitation of indications for amputation of the hip. Using of removable drainage muscle-fascial sutures decreased postoperative wound complications from 51.9 to 13.0 %, and the number of re-amputations decreased in 17th times.Conclusion. Amputation of the lower extremities for irreversible critical limb ischemia can be performed with a decrease in TcP02 of the stitched stump tissues to no more than 30 mm Hg. Preserving the knee joint improves the possibilities of prosthetics, which allows older diabetics to lead an active life. Methods of performing parallel- or sequential-two-flap high amputation improve the conditions for cutting out racquet-shaped wound flaps, which provides free displacement of the soft tissues of the stump connected by removable drainage sutures.Несмотря на успехи в лечении, в настоящее время у 30,0 % больных синдромом диабетической стопы (СДС) до сих пор выполняют высокие ампутации с летальностью до 54,0–68,0 %. Причинами ампутаций у 28,0 % больных служит инфекция, а у 46,0 % – артериальная недостаточность в стадии критической ишемии.Цель исследования: улучшение результатов лечения больных за счет сокращения числа высоких ампутаций нижних конечностей, снижения возникновения осложнений и летальных исходов заболевания.Материалы и методы исследования. Для исследования результатов лечения пациентов с СДС их разделили на две группы сравнения и на две основные группы. С 1982 по 2019 г. частота ампутаций, главным образом на уровне бедра, составила 71,0 % (177 ампутаций у 248 больных). Эти больные образовали первую группу сравнения наблюдений. Во вторую группу сравнения (1988–1994 гг.) включены 58,3 % пациентов, у которых ампутации выполняли по более строгим показаниям (157 ампутаций у 269 больных). В первую основную группу наблюдений (1995–2013 гг.) вошли 9,9 % больных СДС, которых ампутировали только по поводу влажной гангрены, неизлечимой критической ишемии и инфекции с системной воспалительной реакцией (130 ампутаций из 1312 больных). При ишемии с сохраненным кровотоком по глубокой артерии бедра ампутацию голени выполняли последовательно-двухлоскутным способом с удалением камбаловидной мышцы. Ампутации завершали наложением дренирующих съемных мышечно-фасциальных швов. Вторая основная группа (2014 г.) состояла из 11,4 % больных, которым ампутации выполнили только по поводу сепсиса или влажной гангрены (124 ампутации у 1083 больных). Отличие второй основной группы от первой заключалось в разделении ампутационного вмешательства на 2 этапа.Результаты исследования. Сравнение результатов лечения в основных группах и в группах сравнения выявило снижение числа высоких ампутаций в 6 раз (с 64,6 до 10,69 %) и достоверное улучшение основных качественных показателей. Это касается шестикратного уменьшения летальности, что явилось следствием внедрения двухэтапной тактики ампутационного лечения самых тяжелых больных и ограничения показаний для ампутации бедра. Благодаря использованию съемных дренирующих мышечно-фасциальных швов послеоперационные раневые осложнения сократились с 51,9 до 13,0 %, а количество реампутаций уменьшилось в 17 раз.Заключение. Ампутацию голени по поводу необратимой критической ишемии можно выполнять при снижении TcP02 сшиваемых тканей культи не более чем до 30 мм рт. ст. Сохранение коленного сустава улучшает возможности протезирования, что позволяет пожилым диабетикам вести активную жизнь. Методы выполнения параллельно- или последовательно- двухлоскутной ампутации улучшают условия для выкраивания раневых лоскутов ракеткообразной формы, что обеспечивает свободную смещаемость соединенных съемными дренирующими швами мягких тканей культи

Specificity of Constructions Based on Combinations with Conjunction <i>а</i> and Concretizations <i>po</i><i>suti</i><i>, </i><i>po</i><i>suchshestvu</i><i>, </i><i>v</i><i>suchshnosti</i>

The interaction between conjunction a and its concretizations po suti , po suchshestvu , v suchshnosti is examined. The research urgency is caused by necessity of comprehensive study of each function unit, expressing certain types of relations, the importance of identifying its constructive and co-occurrence possibilities. Practical implementation of the research of function vocabulary at the modern stage is seen in the possibility of a lexicographic representation of received information in special dictionaries. The paper provides a brief overview of the linguistic literature devoted to the description of lexemes po suti , po suchshestvu , v suchshnosti as lexicalized word forms and discursive words. The article focuses on the types of structures built on the basis of a combination of the conjunction a and mentioned concretizations. The novelty of the study lies in obtained results, not previously observed in works devoted to the studied conjunction and its concretizations. The analysis establishes that the conjunction a and mentioned concretizations have matching semantic elements, and that such a coincidence indicates the semantic coordination between the conjunction and its concretizations. The article shows the specificity of the structures with the conjunction a allowing to explicate adversative semantics of the lexemes po suti , po suchshestvu , v suchshnosti