A review on Shimbhi Dhanya Varga

Ayurveda is a science of life and deals with longevity of life. Acharya Charaka described “Swasthsya Swasthya Rakshanam Aturasya Vikara Prashamanam”. Prevention and curative of disease is an aim of Ayurveda. In prevention context Acharyas mentioned, to maintain optimal state of health one has to attain Trayopasthambha, Such as Ahara, Nidra, Brahmacharya. Every Ayurveda treatment bring attention towards balancing of these three. Shimbhidhanyavarga such as Mudga, Masha, Rajamasha, Kulaththa, Makusta, Chanaka, Masura, Tila, Shimbhi etc. are also known as Vaidala (dicotyledon) comes under Aharavarga. Brihatrayi and Nighantukaras mentioned this Varga and its Gunakarma. Here this article is an attempt to compile the Nirukti, Paryayas, Gunakarma and nutritive value and morphology, Vishishta Yoga of drugs which are mentioned in Shimbhidhanya Varga

Theory of melting of molecular crystals III: the effect of short range orientational order on liquid crystalline transitions

The theory of melting of molecular crystals developed in Parts I and II is extended to include short range orientational order. The thermodynamic properties are evaluated by the quasi-chemical method, which is mathematically equivalent to Bethe's treatment, and the theory is applied to liquid crystalline transitions. The interesting result is obtained that the nematic-isotropic transition is always first order, and that although the long range orientational order disappears suddenly at this transition point, a certain degree of short range orientational order persists in the isotropic phase. The specific heat exhibits both pre- and post-transition anomalies, in conformity with observations. The thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility show pre-transition anomalies but, contrary to experimental facts, no post-transition anomalies, indicating that even the quasi-chemical approach is not quite adequate for explaining all the properties

High pressure studies on HOAB: pressure dependence of the smectic C layer spacing

Using an opposed diamond anvil cell, an X-ray investigation has been made of the pressure dependence of the layer spacing in the smectic C phase of 4,4'-bis(heptyloxy)azoxybenzene (HOAB) up to 3.8 kbar. It is found that the layer spacing is independent of pressure to within the experimental limits. It is concluded therefore that the suppression of the smectic C phase of this compound at higher pressures is not due to a tilt angle variation with pressure

Theory of melting of molecular crystals II: solid-solid and melting transitions

The modified form of the Pople-Karasz theory of melting of inolecualr crystatls in a pervious paper is applied to study the thermodynamics of solid-solid and melting trasitions. The results are in substantial agreement with the predictions of the theory in its original form

Theory of melting of molecular crystals: the liquid crystalline phase

The theory of melting of molecular crystals developed by Pople and Karasz, which takes into account order-disorder processes in both the positions and orientations of the molecules, is discussed in a slightly modified form. The theory is an extension of the two-lattice model of Lennard-Jones and Devonshire so as to allow the molecules to take up two orientations on any site. It is assumed in this paper that the energy required for a molecule to diffuse to an interstitial site varies as V−4, as in the original formulation, but that the orientational barrier varies as V−3, in conformity with recent calculations of the orientational potential energy in nematic liquid crystals. The thermodynamic properties of the disordered system are evaluated relative to those of the perfectly ordered one using the Bragg-Williams approximation. For small orientational barriers, the theory predicts two transitions, a solid state rotational transition followed by a melting transition. For larger orientational barriers, the two transitions coalesce and there is a corresponding increase in the entropy of fusion. For even larger orientational barriers, the positional melting precedes the rotational melting and there occurs an intermediate phase, similar to the nematic mesophase, that has orientational order but no positional order. The predicted entropies of transition from the liquid crystal to the isotropic phase for a certain range of orientational barriers are comparable to those observed in nematic compounds. Theoretical curves are drawn for the degree of orientational order, the anomalous specific heat and thermal expansion as functions of temperature in the liquid crystalline range, and for the variation of the transition temperatures with pressure. The curves reproduce the trends in the physical properties of nematic liquid crystals

The topology of the P-T diagram of DOBBCA in the vicinity of the reentrant nematic-smectic C-smectic A multicritical point

The P-T diagram of 4(4-n-decyloxybenzoyloxy)-benzylidene-4'-cyanoanihe shows a new kind of multicriticd point, viz., a reentrant nematic-smectic C-smectic A point, at 0.55 ± 0.01 kbar and 86.8 ± 0.1° C. The topology of the diagram close to this point has been studied using precise optical hgh pressure techniques

Orientational order in anisaldazine in the nametic phase

The refractive indices of anisaldazine, CH3OC6H4CH:NN:CHC4H4OCH3, have been measured in the crystalline, nematic and isotropic phases and the orientational order parameter in the mesophase has been evaluated by the application of the Vuks formula. The curve for the order parameter versus the relative temperature (Te-T) is nearly parallel with those for p-azoxyanisole and p-azoxyphenetole and lies approximately midway between them

The search for a Lifshitz point in a single-component liquid crystalline system: a high pressure study of 50.6

The pressure-temperature diagram of N-(4-n-pentyloxybenzylidene)-4'-n-hexylaniline has been investigated up to 8 kbar. The smectic C-smectic A and smectic A-nematic phase boundaries converge and nearly meet, indicating that a Lifshitz point is likely to occur at a higher pressure

A new multicritical point in a single component liquid crystal: high pressure study of DOBBCA

We report here the results of our high pressure optical and DTA studies on the compound 4(4-n-decyloxybenzoyloxy)-benzylidene-4'-cyanoaniline. The P-T diagram shows a new kind of multicritical point, viz., a reentrant nematic-smectic C-smectic A point at 0.52 ± 0.02 kbar, 86.2 ± 0.2°C

Serum calcium 125 level in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Preeclampsia is one main reason for high-risk pregnancy. Among the disorders in hypertension, preeclampsia develops in antenatal period and it is defined by high blood pressure of more than 140/90 mmHg and arteriolar vasoconstriction, both of which lower uteroplacental perfusion and ultimately lead to placental hypoxia. The objectives of this study was (a) to estimate CA125 level in normotensive and pre eclamptic pregnancies; and (b) to predict severity of pre-eclampsia with CA125 levels with cut off value of CA125 level as 23.7 IU/ml. Methods: This two year cross sectional study was conducted on all antenatal mothers bestween 20 -40 weeks gestational age getting admitted RLJH and research centre Tamaka (January 2021-December 2022), for the period of 2 years who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed clinical history along with antenatal examination was done. For each study subject the blood pressure was recorded. Complete blood picture was done and CA125 levels were done of the study subjects. Results: Mean CA125 among normal subjects was 24.24±13.71 IU/ml and Mean CA125 among pre-eclampsia subjects was 30.61±15.69 IU/ml. There was a statistical significance found between two groups with respect to CA125. Conclusions: In pre-eclampsia, CA125 was increased more compared to normotensive group. This indicates the importance in estimation of CA125 level in preeclampsia. The same has been determined with significant p value