Analysis and Modeling Experiment Performance Parameters of Routing Protocols in MANETs and VANETs

In this paper, a framework for experimental parameters in which Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), effect of link duration over End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO) in terms of control packets is analyzed and modeled for Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETworks (VANETs) with the assumption that nodes (vehicles) are sparsely moving in two different road. Moreover, this paper contributes the performance comparison of one Proactive Routing Protocol; Destination Sequenced Distance vector (DSDV) and two reactive protocols; DYnamic Source Routing (DSR) and DYnamic MANET On-Demand (DYMO). A novel contribution of this work is enhancements in default versions of selected routing protocols. Three performance parameters; PDR, E2ED and NRO with varying scalabilities are measured to analyze the performance of selected routing protocols with their original and enhanced versions. From extensive simulations, it is observed that DSR outperforms among all three protocols at the cost of delay. NS-2 simulator is used for simulation with TwoRayGround propagation model to evaluate analytical results

WARGA BERDAYA SEBAGAI SUBPOLITIK DAN KAMPANYE JOGJA ASAT: PENOLAKAN PEMBANGUNAN HOTEL DAN APARTEMEN DI YOGYAKARTA

Artikel ini berangkat dari kampanye Jogja Asat yang digunakan oleh warga berdaya dalam melakukan penolakan hotel dan apartemen di Yogyakarta. Konsep subpolitik milik Ulrich Beck kemudian menjadi pilihan untuk menganalisis kasus tersebut. Dengan uraian di atas, penelitian ini mengajukan pertanyaan utama yaitu bagaimana proses warga berdaya sebagai fenomena subpolitik menolak atas pembangunan hotel dan apartemen di Yogyakarta melalui kampanye Jogja Asat. Proses penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini kemudian menunjukan bahwa warga berdaya merupakan bagian dari realitas subpolitik sebagaimana dijelaskan Ulrich Beck. Subpolitik di sini berangkat dari temuan bahwa warga berdaya bukan merupakan organisasi formal, melainkan sebuah koalisi warga yang juga terhubung dengan organisasi masyarakat sipil lain seperti Wahana Lingkingan Hidup (WALHI), Indonesia Visual Art Archive (IVAA), hingga Watchdoc. Melalui kampanye Jogja Asat, warga berdaya berusaha melakukan kontra narasi dari kemajuan pariwisata yang ada di Yogyakarta. Pada prosesnya, warga berdaya sebagai subpolitik aktivitasnya tidak hanya sekedar berkampanye tentang Jogja Asat saja. Warga berdaya juga turut memberdayakan masyarakat menuju kesadaran kritis terhadap lingkungan dan membangun jejaring dengan berbagai pihak yang mengalami keresahan akibat perkembangan hotel dan apartemen dalam industri pariwisata di Yogyakarta

Program Synthesis with Best-First Bottom-Up Search

Cost-guided bottom-up search (BUS) algorithms use a cost function to guide the search to solve program synthesis tasks. In this paper, we show that current state-of-the-art cost-guided BUS algorithms suffer from a common problem: they can lose useful information given by the model and fail to perform the search in a best-first order according to a cost function. We introduce a novel best-first bottom-up search algorithm, which we call Bee Search, that does not suffer information loss and is able to perform cost-guided bottom-up synthesis in a best-first manner. Importantly, Bee Search performs best-first search with respect to the generation of programs, i.e., it does not even create in memory programs that are more expensive than the solution program. It attains best-first ordering with respect to generation by performing a search in an abstract space of program costs. We also introduce a new cost function that better uses the information provided by an existing cost model. Empirical results on string manipulation and bit-vector tasks show that Bee Search can outperform existing cost-guided BUS approaches when employing more complex domain-specific languages (DSLs); Bee Search and previous approaches perform equally well with simpler DSLs. Furthermore, our new cost function with Bee Search outperforms previous cost functions on string manipulation tasks.Comment: Published at the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR

Risk mitigation of poor power quality issues of standalone wind turbines:An efficacy study of synchronous reference frame (SRF) control

This paper validates and presents the efficiency and performance of Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control as a mitigating control in managing risks of high volatility of electric current flows from the wind turbine generator to the distributed load. High volatility/fluctuations of electricity (high current, voltage disturbance) and frequency are hazards that can trip off or, in extreme cases, burn down a whole wind turbine generator. An advanced control scheme is used to control a Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-based three-phase induction generator with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). For the purpose of risk mitigation of harmonics, this scheme converts three-phase input quantity to two-phase Direct Current (DC) quantity (dq) so that the reactive power compensation decreases the harmonics level. Thus, no other analog filters are required to produce the reconstructed signal of fundamental frequency. In this paper, the values of Proportional Integral (PI) regulators are calculated through the “MONTE CARLO” optimization tool. Furthermore, risk analysis is carried out using bowtie, risk matrix and ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) methods, which is the novelty based on the parametric study of this research work. The results reveal that by inducting proposed SRF control into the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), the risks of high fluctuations and disturbances in signals are reduced to an acceptable level as per the standards of IEEE 519-2014 and EN 50160. The proposed work is validated through running simulations in MATLAB/Simulink with and without controls

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy detects alterations induced by organotin(IV) carboxylates in MCF-7 cells at sub-cytotoxic/-genotoxic concentrations.

The environmental impact of metal complexes such as organotin(IV) compounds is of increasing concern. Genotoxic effects of organotin(IV) compounds (0.01 μg/ml, 0.1 μg/ml or 1.0 μg/ml) were measured using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay to measure DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to determine micronucleus formation. Biochemical-cell signatures were also ascertained using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. In the comet assay, organotin(IV) carboxylates induced significantly-elevated levels of DNA SSBs. Elevated micronucleus-forming activities were also observed. Following interrogation using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, infrared spectra in the biomolecular range (900 cm-1 – 1800 cm-1) derived from organotin-treated MCF-7 cells exhibited clear alterations in their biochemical-cell fingerprint compared to control-cell populations following exposures as low as 0.0001 μg/ml. Mono-, di- or tri-organotin(IV) carboxylates (0.1 μg/ml, 1.0 μg/ml or 10.0 μg/ml) were markedly cytotoxic as determined by the clonogenic assay following treatment of MCF-7 cells with ≥ 1.0 μg/ml. Our results demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy can be applied to detect molecular alterations induced by organotin(IV) compounds at sub-cytotoxic and sub-genotoxic concentrations. This biophysical approach points to a novel means of assessing risk associated with environmental contaminants

Excessive Soil Water Effects at Various Stages of Development on the Growth and Yield of Corn

The response of corn to naturally fluctuating water tables at five different stages of growth was studied for 3 years. Fifty plots of 15 m x 15 m were established in 1984 on Nicollet soil in an area that is not artificially drained. In the center of each plot, an observation well was installed for water-table measurements. Water-table hydrographs were developed for each plot annually to quantify crop stress factors from excessive wetness (SEW30, a summation of days times the height of the water table above 30 cm). The results of these studies indicate that SEW30 values of as low as 40 cm-days in the early part of the growing season can significantly reduce corn yields. Corn yields decreased linearly with the increase in SEW30 values and the Stress Day Index (SDI). Lower corn yields resulted from both decreased plant population and poor crop growth due to excessive wetness