NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF POPULATIONS OF THE WHITE SCALE PARLATORIA BLANCHARDI TARG. 1868 (HEMIPTERA, DIASPIDIDAE) AS A FUNCTION OF THE POSITION OF THE ADULT FEMALES ON LEAFLETS OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L) IN THE PALM GROVES OF ZIBAN (BISKRA, ALGER

RESUMENotre étude s’est déroulée pendant deux années consécutives 2010 et 2011 sur les folioles des palmiers de la variété DegletNour dans la région de Biskra. L’objectif de notre recherche est d’étudier l’impact de la position des folioles sur la dynamiquedes populations de la cochenille femelle adulte de Parlatoria blanchardi. Pour la réalisation de cette étude nous avons effectué72 sorties. Nous avons prélevé 1728 folioles des quatre orientations du palmier. Nous avons observé minutieusement sous laloupe binoculaire un total de 21176 cochenilles. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que les quatre directions du palmier sonttoutes infestées par les cochenilles femelles. La répartition de ce déprédateur sur les folioles des différentes orientations estvariable. L’orientation Sud est la moins infestée par les femelles de la cochenille (4848 femelles en 2010 et 173 femelles en2011), où le taux de mortalité est également le plus élevé (26 ,87% en 2010 et 45% en 2011) alors que le taux de cochenillesparasitées est le moindre (23,33% en 2010 et 12 ,09% en 2011). La direction Sud est ainsi la moins favorable audéveloppement de la cochenille blanche étant donné qu’elle est la plus exposée aux rayons solaires directs et aux vents chauds.MOTS CLES: Parlatoria blanchardi ; Dynamique des populations ; Orientation ; Palmier dattier ; Biskra ; Algérie.ABSTRACTOur study is conducted for two consecutive years 2010 and 2011. We worked on the palm trees of the variety Deglet -Nour.The aim of our research is to study the impact of the position of the leaflets on dynamic of populations of the female cochinealParlatoria blanchardi. For the realization of this study we performed 72sorties. We have collected 1728 leaflets of the fourdirections of the palm tree. We have thoroughly inspected under the binocular a total of 21176 cochineals. The results of thisstudy indicate that the four directions of the palm are all infested with female scale. The distribution of this pest on the leafletsin different directions varies. The results of our study show that the South orientation is the least infested by the femalecochineal (4848 females in 2010 and 173 females in 2011) .From this direction even has the highest mortality rate (26, 87% in2010 and 45% in 2011) and lower in parasitized white scale (23, 33% in 2010 and 12,09%in 2011). South direction is lessfavorable to the development of white scale compared to other directions. It is more exposed to direct sunlight and hot winds.KEYWORDS: Parlatoria blanchardi; fluctuations; Orientation; date palm; Biskra; Algeria

Mes ennemis, les facteurs de risque

International audienceWe have to distinguish between non-modifiable risk factors such as age, gender, heredity, (we cannot fight against these enemies), and modifiable risk factors (avoidable) such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Environmental factors, bad diet, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking are the basis of these risk factors. Cardiovascular disease due to these risk factors is clinically silent during a given period, then symptoms occur which can eventually lead to death. Nine risk factors explain the occurrence of 90 % of myocardial infarctions (MI), their correction avoid 80 % of MI. Despite the presence of several studies proving that secondary prevention reduces coronary mortality, the management of cardiovascular risk factors is not optimal. \textcopyright 2021 Elsevier Masson SA

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