Impact of Severe Anemia on Menorrhagia and Eclampsia in Iraqi Women

The aim of this study to deal with (19) women were reviewed the center of obstetrics and Gynecology Al- Harthyia center with affected and non-affected of severe anemia with patients age between 20 to 39 years old. The patient's charts are started from 1st September 2021 to the 1st of August 2022. Severe anemia during this period associated with menorrhagia and eclampsia for affected women with different kinds of anemia like iron deficiency or thalassemia disease. The level of severe anemia for pregnant or non-pregnant that will absolutely between 4 – 11 g/dL. Anemia in pregnancy women with hemoglobin concentration 11 g/dL explained by world health organization (WHO). The project was associated with prevalence numbers of menorrhagia women were (12) from the total (19) women which constitute the percentage 63.16% as well with women eclampsia from 4 patients that constitute 21.05%

Implementation of Immunization Services Through a Pediatric Urgent Care Clinic.

Background and objectivesPediatric urgent care (PUC) centers may bolster immunization campaigns by offering vaccination during acute care visits, but few such programs have been described.MethodsWe conducted a quality improvement initiative at an academically affiliated federally qualified health center that provides primary, specialty, and PUC services to children. Our PUC began offering routine immunizations in July 2020. The percentage of visits by eligible patients age ≤21 years during which immunization screening (process) and administration (outcome) occurred was measured from March 1, 2021, to February 19, 2023. Administration rates were measured across age, sex, race, language, and medical home groups. Data were analyzed with statistical process control methods. Grievance and adverse event data were monitored (balancing).ResultsWe completed 4 plan-do-study-act cycles. Provider-facing bundles that included training, decision support, electronic health record signaling, and financial incentives were not associated with meaningful changes in screening and administration (cycles 1-3). A dedicated nurse vaccinator (DNV) was added on October 31, 2022 (cycle 4). The mean screening rate increased from 44.7% to 67.4% during the DNV period, and the mean administration rate increased from 26.5% to 50.8%. Lower administration rates were observed during visits by Black and English-speaking patients, and by patients empaneled outside our site.ConclusionsProvider-facing interventions alone were not effective at increasing vaccine screening and administration in our PUC, but marked improvement was observed with the addition of a DNV. Future interventions are needed to address disparities. Additional investigation is needed to determine whether our results are reproducible in other PUCs with access to vaccines

Performance of high-magnesium cultivars of three cool-season grasses grown in nutrient solution culture

Breeding for high magnesium (Mg) concentrations pas been conducted for several forage species. Mgwell, Magnet, and HiMag are the first experimental strains, bred for increased Mg concentrations of orchardgrass, Italian ryegrass, and tall fescue, respectively. This experiment compared the performance and genetic variability of these high-Mg cultivars grown in solution culture with other cultivars in each species. Three mineral absorption experiments were carried, out with one month aged seedlings. Seedlings were evaluated for shoot dry weight, uptake and concentration of Mg, calcium (Ca), and potassium (K), and also the density of these minerals in the shoot. The cultivars of different species behaved differently among the experiments even though the over all environmental condition was kept similar. The high-Mg cultivars showed higher Mg uptake per plant, but the differences were not so distinct. However, the trend in Mg concentration among the cultivars of different species was similar, and the difference between high-Mg cultivars and control cultivars was distinct. The Mg density in the shoot of these cultivars was significantly high. Also the high-Mg cultivars showed lower equivalent ratio, K/(Ca+Mg). Genotypic differences in high-Mg cultivars with others could be distinctly explained by differences in Mg concentration and Mg density in the shoot, which coupled with low K/(Ca + Mg) ratio. These common properties of high-Mg cultivars might be considered as a good parameter for screening

Gap Junctions and Wnt Signaling in the Mammary Gland: a Cross-Talk?

Connexins (Cxs), the building blocks of gap junctions (GJs), exhibit spatiotemporal patterns of expression and regulate the development and differentiation of the mammary gland, acting via channel-dependent and channel-independent mechanisms. Impaired Cx expression and localization are reported in breast cancer, suggesting a tumor suppressive role for Cxs. The signaling events that mediate the role of GJs in the development and tumorigenesis of the mammary gland remain poorly identified. The Wnt pathways, encompassing the canonical or the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the noncanonical β-catenin-independent pathway, also play important roles in those processes. Indeed, aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with breast cancer. Despite the coincident roles of Cxs and Wnt pathways, the cross-talk in the breast tissue is poorly defined, although this is reported in a number of other tissues. Our previous studies revealed a channel-independent role for Cx43 in inducing differentiation or suppressing tumorigenesis of mammary epithelial cells by acting as a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we provide a brief overview of mammary gland development, with emphasis on the role of Cxs in development and tumorigenesis of this tissue. We also discuss the role of Wnt signaling in similar contexts, and review the literature illustrating interplay between Cxs and Wnt pathways. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Over-expression of miR-183-5p or miR-492 triggers invasion and proliferation and loss of polarity in non-neoplastic breast epithelium

microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as novel noninvasive cancer biomarkers. In an HMT-3522 S1 (S1) breast epithelial risk-progression three-dimensional (3D) culture model, non-neoplastic S1 cells form a fully polarized epithelium. When silenced for the gap junction and tumor suppressor Cx43, Cx43-KO-S1 cells recapitulate pre-neoplastic phenotypes observed in tissues at risk for breast cancer in vivo. To delineate the role of miRNAs in breast tumorigenesis and identify key miRNA players in breast epithelial polarity, the miRNA profile specific to Cx43 loss in Cx43-KO-S1 compared to S1 cells was sequenced, revealing 65 differentially expressed miRNAs. A comparative analysis was conducted between these miRNAs and tumor-associated miRNAs from a young Lebanese patient validation cohort. miR-183-5p, downstream of Cx43 loss, was commonly upregulated in the patient cohort and the 3D culture model. miR-492, not attributed to Cx43 loss, was only specifically up-regulated in the young Lebanese patients. Ectopic expression of either miR-183-5p or miR-492 in S1 cells, through pLenti-III-miR-GPF vectors, resulted in the formation of larger multi-layered acini devoid of lumen, with disrupted epithelial polarity, as shown by an altered localization of Cx43, ß-catenin and Scrib, and decreased nuclear circularity in 3D cultures. Enhanced proliferation and invasion capacity were also observed. Over-expression of miR-183-5p or miR-492, therefore, induces pre-neoplastic phenotypes similar to those reported upon Cx43 loss, and may act as oncomiRs and possible biomarkers of increased breast cancer risk. © 2022, The Author(s)

AI Regulation and Governance

Abstract: As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies rapidly evolve and permeate various aspects of society, the need for effective regulation and governance has become increasingly critical. This paper explores the current landscape of AI regulation, examining existing frameworks and their efficacy in addressing the unique challenges posed by AI. Key issues such as ensuring compliance, mitigating biases, and maintaining transparency are analyzed. The paper also delves into ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, emphasizing the importance of fairness and accountability. Through case studies of different regulatory approaches and their outcomes, the paper highlights both successes and areas for improvement. Finally, it offers insights into future directions for AI regulation, advocating for innovative policies and enhanced international cooperation to ensure that AI technologies are developed and deployed responsibly. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on creating robust regulatory mechanisms that can keep pace with the rapid advancement of AI

Interleukin-6 and Cyclooxygenase-2 downregulation by fatty-acid fractions of Ranunculus constantinopolitanus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medicinal plants represent alternative means for the treatment of several chronic diseases, including inflammation. The genus <it>Ranunculus</it>, a representative of the Ranunculaceae family, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic and antifungal activities, possibly due to the presence of anemonin and other. Different studies have shown the occurrence of unusual fatty acids (FAs) in Ranunculaceae; however, their therapeutic role has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to characterize potential anti-inflammatory bioactivities in <it>Ranunculus constantinopolitanus </it>D'Urv., traditionally used in Eastern Mediterranean folk medicine.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The aerial part of <it>R. constantinopolitanus </it>was subjected to methanol (MeOH) extraction and solvent fractionation. The bioactive fraction (I.2) was further fractionated using column chromatography, and the biologically active subfraction (Y₂₊₃) was identified using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of I.2 and Y₂₊₃on cell viability were studied in mouse mammary epithelial SCp2 cells using trypan blue exclusion method. To study the anti-inflammatory activities of I.2 and Y₂₊₃, their ability to reduce interleukin (IL)-6 levels was assessed in endotoxin (ET)-stimulated SCp2 cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the ability of Y₂₊₃to reduce cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression was studied in IL-1-treated mouse intestinal epithelial Mode-K cells via western blotting. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK), Tukey HSD, two-sample t-test and Dunnett t-tests for multiple comparisons.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The chloroform fraction (I.2) derived from crude MeOH extract of the plant, in addition to Y₂₊₃, a FA mix isolated from this fraction and containing palmitic acid, C18:2 and C18:1 isomers and stearic acid (1:5:8:1 ratio), reduced ET-induced IL-6 levels in SCp2 cells without affecting cell viability or morphology. When compared to fish oil, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and to individual FAs as palmitic, linoleic, oleic and stearic acid or to a mix of these FAs (1:5:8:1 ratio), Y₂₊₃exhibited higher potency in reducing ET-induced IL-6 levels within a shorter period of time. Y₂₊₃ also reduced COX-2 expression in IL-1-treated Mode-K cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our studies demonstrate the existence of potential anti-inflammatory bioactivities in <it>R. constantinopolitanus </it>and attribute them to a FA mix in this plant.</p