Analisis Perencanaan Bendung (Studi Kasus Bendung Botung)

This research will discuss the analysis of the stability of the dam in the area Botung against weir botung in the area Botung it self actually has no weir bronjong but the dam is temporary and has damaged it needs to be made weir remains to be utilized in the long term, so it takes the design of the lighthouse and the pool megrim secure against rolling, sliding and piping. Based on the results of the discussion of final project study entitled "Analysis weir Planning Case of Studies weir Botung" it can be concluded, using data of rain 10 Years of 2005-2014 years gained 100 year flood discharge plan for, Q100= 16.617 m3/sec. High water levels in the upstream dam is 2,456 m, and the water level downstream of the weir is 0.673 m, while the weir height following the existing dam is not fixed in the amount of 1,35m. And the dimensions of the flood discharge obtained value Froude of 7.632, and been building an megrim type USBR of type III. Safety Factor Values sliding obtained a value of 1.74 ≥1.5 and qualify. Safety Factor Values rolling obtained a value of 2.10 ≥1.5 and qualify. Planning this dam safe against piping for WCR value of 4.145 which is secure against gravel and clay

Chronic oxytocin-driven alternative splicing of Crfr2α induces anxiety

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has generated considerable interest as potential treatment for psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. However, the behavioral and molecular consequences associated with chronic OXT treatment and chronic receptor (OXTR) activation have scarcely been studied, despite the potential therapeutic long-term use of intranasal OXT. Here, we reveal that chronic OXT treatment over two weeks increased anxiety-like behavior in rats, with higher sensitivity in females, contrasting the well-known anxiolytic effect of acute OXT. The increase in anxiety was transient and waned 5 days after the infusion has ended. The behavioral effects of chronic OXT were paralleled by activation of an intracellular signaling pathway, which ultimately led to alternative splicing of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2α (Crfr2α), an important modulator of anxiety. In detail, chronic OXT shifted the splicing ratio from the anxiolytic membrane-bound (mCRFR2α) form of CRFR2α towards the soluble CRFR2α (sCRFR2α) form. Experimental induction of alternative splicing mimicked the anxiogenic effects of chronic OXT, while sCRFR2α-knock down reduced anxiety-related behavior of male rats. Furthermore, chronic OXT treatment triggered the release of sCRFR2α into the cerebrospinal fluid with sCRFR2α levels positively correlating with anxiety-like behavior. In summary, we revealed that the shifted splicing ratio towards expression of the anxiogenic sCRFR2α underlies the adverse effects of chronic OXT treatment on anxiety