Nonplannar Nonlinear Dust ion Acoustics Solitary and Shock Waves in a Dusty Multi-ion Plasma

We have presented a stern theoretical exploration of the nonplannar and nonlinear propagation of dust-ion acoustic (DIA) waves in a dusty multi-ion plasma. We studied the progation of nonplannar non-linear DIA waves by the reductive perturbation method which leads to the the derivation of the Burgers [Korteweg de-Vries (K-dV)] equation for the shock (solitary) wave propagation. The shock (solitary) waves are found to be formed in a multi-ion dusty plasma due to the balance between nonlinearity and dissipation (dispersion), and that the dissipation (dispersion) arises due to the dust charge fluctuation (deviation of charge neutrality condition). We have analized the effects of nonplannar and nonlinear geometry on the DIA shock and solitary waves propagating in such a dusty multi-ion plasma. We have shown that the nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) solitary and shock structures are significantly different from planner one

Does It Matter How and How Much Politicians are Paid?

An important question in representative democracies is how to ensure that politicians behave in the best interest of citizens rather than their own private interests. Aside from elections, one of the few institutional devices available to regulate the actions of politicians is their pay structure. In this paper, we provide fresh insights into the impact of politician salaries on their performance using a unique law change implemented in 2012 in Turkey. Specifically, the members of the parliament (MPs) in Turkey who are retired from their pre-political career jobs earn a pension bonus on top of their MP salaries. The law change in 2012 significantly increased the pension bonus by pegging it to 18 percent of the salary of the President of Turkey, while keeping the salaries of non-retired MPs unchanged. By exploiting the variation in total salaries caused by the new law in a difference-in-differences framework, we find that the salary increase had a negative impact on the performance of the retired MPs. In particular, the overall performance of these MPs was lowered by 12.3 percent of a standard deviation as a result of the increase in salary caused by the new law. This finding is robust to numerous specification tests. Furthermore, the results obtained from an auxiliary analysis suggest that one of the mechanisms through which MPs reduce their performance is absenteeism

Preparation and study of the Structural, Morphological and Optical properties of pure Tin Oxide Nanoparticle doped with Cu

             في هذه الدراسة، تم تصنيع جزيئاتSnO2  النانويه النقيه والمشوبة بالنحاس بواسطة طريقه الترسيب الكيميائي . تم استخدام SnCl2.2H2O , CuCl2.2H2O  كمواد خام . تم تلدين المواد عند°C 550 لمدة 3ساعات من اجل تحسين التبلور. اظهرت نتائج حيود الاشعه السينية ان العينات تبلورت في طورمن نوع  رباعي الروتيل , SnO2  نظرا ان متوسط الحجم البلوري لSnO2 النقي 9 نانومتر ويختلف مع تغير منشطات النحاس (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) , ، ( 8.35 ,8.36 ,8.67 , 9,7 ,8.86) نانومتر على التوالي والتركيب البلوريSnO2  لا يتغير مع ادخال النحاس , أكدت نتائج SEM للنقاوة والمخدر أن حجم الجسيمات يقع في نطاق (25-56) نانومتر داخل الحجم النانوي .كانت دراسات UV-ViS  حيث كشف التحليل الطيفي للانعكاس ان طاقه فجوة النطاق تزداد مع زيادة نسب المنشطات (4.18,4.33 ,4.21 , 4.21 4.35,4.23 ) الكترون فولت للنقي والمشوب بالنحاس ( (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) على توالي . واظهرت نتائج AFM معدل الخشونة، SPMوحجم الحبوب للعينات النقيه والمشوبة وان معدل الخشونة نانومتر و (3.04, 25,27,16,41.8,23.6,25.2) ومعدل القطر (98.9, 72.56,92.91, 88.38, 76.79, 70.94, 71.21) نانومتر للنقي والمشوب على التوالي.                   In this study, pure SnO2 Nanoparticles doped with Cu were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. Using SnCl2.2H2O, CuCl2.2H2O as raw materials, the materials were annealed at 550°C for 3 hours in order to improve crystallization. The XRD results showed that the samples crystallized in the tetragonal rutile type SnO2 stage. As the average SnO2 crystal size is pure 9nm and varies with the change of Cu doping (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%),( 8.35, 8.36, 8.67, 9 ,7, 8.86)nm respectively an increase in crystal size to 2.5% decreases at this rate and that the crystal of SnO2 does not change with the introduction of Cu, and SEM results of the pure and doped confirmed that the particle size is within the range (25-56)nm within the nanosize. UV-Vis studies of reflection spectroscopy revealed that energy of band gap increased with increasing doping ratios (4.33,4.18 ,4.21, 4.21 4.23,4.35) ev For pure and doped with Cu (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) respectively. Results of AFM show roughness rate, SPM and grain size of pure samples doped with Cu where the roughness rate of SnO2 is (3.04, 25,27,16,41.8,23.6,25.2) nm and average diameter is (98.9, 72.56 ,92.91, 88.38, 76.79, 70.94, 71.21) nm for pure and doped with Copper (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) respectively

Analisis Wacana Kritis Dalam Pidato Joko Widodo Tentang Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja,

This research aims to describe the structure in the text of President Joko Widodo's speech regarding the Job Creation Law according to van Dijk's study, and to determine the characteristics of AWK in President Joko Widodo's speech regarding the Job Creation Law. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research design with the van Dijk AWK model. Data in the form of the text of President Joko Widodo's speech regarding the Job Creation Law was collected using the documentation method. All data in this study was analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the research show that (1) Based on the structural analysis in the text of President Joko Widodo's speech regarding the Job Creation Law according to van Dijk's study, it shows that the two speech texts are in line with van Dijk's three discourse structures (macro, supra and micro structures)

Role Enhancement of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/Ag composite for Medical Applications

ZnO nanoparticles assisted with ethanol and 2propanol as capping agent investigated the medical activities of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/Ag composite. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using zinc acetate and silver nitrate as a source of zinc and silver. ZnO/Ag composite also prepared and studied the medical activities. XRD pattern indicates that the structure of ZnO was hexagonal wurtzite with average size 5 nm according to Scherre's formula. The optical band gap of ZnO nanoparticle showed very sensitive for using different capping agent as shown in UV-VIS spectra and also showed blue shift in wavelength corresponding to capping agent. Finally, the antibacterial properties of ZnO and ZnO/Ag composite against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria have been demonstrated using well diffusion method and indentify their antibacterial effects compared with organic antibacterial agents. Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO/Ag composite, antibacterial

Comparison of protein — A with clumping factor, hemolysis and coagulase tests for identification of Staphylococci isolated from Nasal swabs of healthy carriers

Thirty nine (12.8%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 304 healthy human (Nasal swabs). It was found that percentage of males that have S. aureus is more than female's percentage. These isolates (39) were tested with different tests. Twenty seven isolates (69.23 %) were positive for Staphylococcus protein —A (SPA) ,thirty seven ( 94.8 %) were positive for tube coagulase , thirty five ( 89.7 % ) were positive with clumping factor and thirty two ( 82.05 %) had 13 — hemolytic on blood agar. It was found that 100% of the isolates (39 isolates) were positive with one, two or three tests (tube coagulase, clumping factor and SPA)