Design, construction, sequence analysis and bioinformatics study of RTB-ipaD gene cassette: A new way in generation of Shigellosis vaccine

زمینه و هدف: شیگلا شایع ترین عامل اسهال می‌باشد. آنتی‌ژن پلاسمیدی IpaD برای تهاجم باکتری به درون سلول میزبان ضروری می‌باشد. یکی از چالش‌ها در باره واکسن مخاطی علیه شیگلا بر پایه پروتئین IpaD قدرت پایین آن می‌باشد. به نظر می‌رسد که با متصل کردن IpaD به یک ناقل و ادجوانت مناسب همچون زیر واحد B سم ریسین، می‌توان پروتئین IpaD را بسیار ایمنوژنیک نمود. این مطالعه به منظور تولید وکتور بیانی نوترکیب دارای کاست ژنی RTB-ipaD، آنالیز تعیین توالی و بررسی بیوانفورماتیکی آن انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ژن های RTB و (163-483) ipaD در وکتور pGEM-T همسانه‌سازی شدند. ژن ipaD به روش برش آنزیمی با ژن RTB به همراه لینکر کد کننده GPGP در وکتور pGEM متصل شد. سپس قطعه کایمریک RTB-ipaD در وکتور بیانی pET28a(+) زیر همسانه‌سازی گردید. در پایان آنالیز تعیین توالی و بررسی بیوانفورماتیکی کاست ژنی انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها: صحت ساخت کاست ژنی RTB-ipaD در وکتور بیانی pET28a(+) با واکنش PCR و هضم آنزیمی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تعیین توالی کاست ژنی مطابق با توالی ذخیره شده در بانک ژنی بود. مطالعات بیوانفورماتیکی بر مبنای شاخص سازگاری کدون نشان داد این کاست قابلیت بیان در گیاه ترانس ژن و برخی سویه های باکتری اشرشیاکلی را دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: اتصال RTB به عنوان ناقل و ادجوانت به آنتی‌ژن IpaD رویکردی نوین و مطلوب در جهت تولید واکسن مخاطی شیگلوزیس می‌باش

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin syndrome, is a hereditary condition characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms

Evaluation of haptoglobin genotype and some risk factors of cancer in patients with early stage esophageal cancer

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal cancers that has a complex and diverse etiology, with several genetic and nutritional factors involved in its etiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of haptoglobin genotype and its relationship with some nutritional and biochemical risk factors affecting the prevalence of esophageal cancer in patients with early stage esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, 44 patients (20 males and 24 females) with early stage esophageal cancer and 44 healthy subjects, classified as control group, (19 males and 25 females) were selected. Haptoglobin (HP) genotype was determined employing PCR technique. Nutritional data were analyzed using standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate and nitrite were measured employing the colorimetric method. Serum levels of p53 protein were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype was the most prevalent genotype in esophageal cancer patients in Golestan province, Iran. HP2-2 genotype was the most frequent in the control group. Serum levels of MDA were significantly higher in the patients' group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in the patients' group than the control group (P < 0.01). Food frequency analysis revealed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the patients' group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype is the dominant genotype in patients with esophageal cancer in Golestan province. As well, modification of nutritional pattern and consumption of high level of antioxidant compounds can be effective in reducing the prevalence of esophageal cancer in this region. © 2019, Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention

Effect of Adding Intravenous Somatostatin to Rectal Indomethacin on Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Pancreatitis in High-risk Patients: A Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has an important role in the treatment of pancreaticobiliary disorders. Goals: Considering the high prevalence and importance of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) and the controversial findings, we aimed to determine the effect of adding intravenous somatostatin to rectal indomethacin on the incidence of PEP in high-risk patients. Study: In this prospective study, 530 patients underwent ERCP during March 2018 and February 2019. Patients were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group received a bolus injection of 250 μg somatostatin followed by an infusion of 500 μg of somatostatin for 2 hours. In both groups, 100 mg of pre-ERCP suppository indomethacin was administrated. All patients were screened for PEP symptoms and signs for 24 hours after ERCP (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials code: IRCT20080921001264N11). Results: A total of 376 patients were finally analyzed. PEP was the most common adverse event with 50 (13.2) episodes, including 21 (5.5) mild, 23 (6.1) moderate, and 6 (1.2) severe. The rate of PEP was 15.2 in the control group and 11.4 in the intervention group (P=0.666). The incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia was 21.7 in the control group and 18.2 in the intervention group (P=0.395). No death occurred. Conclusions: In this study administration of somatostatin plus indomethacin could safely reduce the rate of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia and PEP in the intervention group compared with the control group, but the differences were not significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required. © 2021 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. All rights reserved

Primary liver cancer in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: 13-year experience of Golestan Population-Based Cancer Registry (GPCR)

Background: Liver cancer (LC) is among the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. A four-fold increasing trend is reported for LC age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in Iran within 1990-2015. In the present study, we aimed to report the incidence rate of LC during the 13-year establishment of the Golestan population-based cancer registry (GPCR). Methods: Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) per 100 000 person-years was calculated using CanReg5 software. The Joint point regression analysis was used to assess the temporal trends in incidence rate of LC. Results: During the study period, GPCR registered 575 of LC cases, of which 373 (64.9) were men and 297 (51.6) lived in rural areas. The mean (SD) age of LC in men and women were 60.3 (17.2) and 58.0 (17.1), respectively. The ASIR of LC was significantly higher in men than women (4.7 vs. 2.6; P value < 0.01) and a minimal increasing trend in LC incidence was observed in both sexes. The incidence rate of LC was significantly higher in rural areas compared to the urbans (3.91 vs. 3.40; P value = 0.04). In the last 13 years, rural population had a significant increasing trend in ASIR of LC (average annual percent change AAPC = 7.85, P value = 0.005). Conclusion: LC was more prevalent in men among both urban and rural populations. The results showed a significant increasing trend in rural areas that requires Golestan health care system to take action in controlling the burden of LC in rural areas. © 2021 Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All rights reserved

From bowel inflammation to the bone and joints: musculoskeletal examination in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Background: One of the most important complications in inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are musculoskeletal manifestations that are reported in more than 50 of patients. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the musculoskeletal and radiologic manifestations in our IBD patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study on 96 mild-to-moderate IBD patients (76 UC, 18 CD and 2 undifferentiated IBD) with mean (SD) age of 39.28 (11.42) years, 44 (45.8) were males and 52 were (54.2) females. Patients were examined by an expert rheumatologist and their musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed. The musculoskeletal system was evaluated by Modified Schober test, Thoracic expansion (TE), Occiput to wall distance (OWD), and Patrick�s or FABER test. Peripheral joints were also examined in all four extremities. Then patients were referred for pelvic and lumbosacral x-ray. Sacroiliitis grading was performed using the New York criteria. Results: Inflammatory low back pain was reported in 5 (5.2), enthesopathy in 6 (6.5) and dactylitis in 1 (1.1). Positive Schober test was recorded in 5 (5.2) and Patrick test in 3 (3.1). Forty-nine (51) cases had normal imaging with no sacroiliitis, endplate sclerosis was seen in 33 cases (34.4), grade 3 and grade 4 were seen in 10 cases (10.4). Conclusions: In the present study, 34.4 of the IBD patients had mild radiologic changes as endplate sclerosis and 95 had a normal physical examination. © 2021, The Author(s)

Detection rate of colorectal polyps in symptomatic candidates of colonoscopy: When should we do a total colonoscopy?

BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in the northeast of Iran. Colorectal polyps are among the proposed risk factors noted, especially in the elder population. This study was designed to study the diagnosed cases of intestinal polyps detected from 2011 to 2016 in the northeast of Iran. METHODS The population consisted of symptomatic candidates referred to the colonoscopy center in Gorgan city. Based on the available colonoscopy and pathology reports, 1706 cases were enrolled after the exclusion of cases without sufficient data. RESULTS Among 1709 (55.5 males and 44.5 females) cases, 1405 cases with 1912 polyps were detected. Among them, 345 (25) aged less than 50 years. Tubular adenoma (N = 826, 43.2) and hyperplastic polyps (N = 519, 27.1) were the top two histological findings. Out of 1405 patients with polyps, 660 (39.6) polyps were detected in proximal colon (15.6 in proximal and 24 in both proximal and distal). Malignancies were detected in 13.2 (0.8 malignant polyps and 12.4 malignant masses). CONCLUSION A considerable number of colorectal adenomas in proximal colon and in patients younger than 50 years old, suggesting to schedule colorectal cancer screening from at least 10 years younger and continuing colonoscopy up to the proximal area. © 2021 The Author(s)