APLIKASI PERAMALAN PENJUALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE REGRESI LINIER

Peramalan penjualan merupakan hal yang paling utama untuk menentukan berapa banyak sebuah perusahaan memproduksi produk-produk mereka. Dengan peramalan tersebut perusahaan mampu melihat peluang penjualan yang ada pada pasar dengan cara memprediksi hasil penjualan waktu yang akan datang berdasarkan hasil dari data penjualan yang telah lalu. Peramalan penjualan dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara dan metode peramalan. Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode regresi linier dengan model Time Series dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman visual basic 6.0. Regresi linier merupakan teknik / metode yang banyak digunakan dalam permalan penjualan karena telah teruji ketepatan dalam peramalan. Dari aplikasi peramalan penjualan ini akan didapatkan hasil dari peramalan penjualan pada hari yang akan datang dan hasil standart error estimasi peramalan. Perhitungan dari hasil tersebut akan dibandingkan dengan perhitungan dalam microsoft excel. Terdapat pula pada aplikasi ini hasil yang lain berupa pelaporan penjualan tiap bulan dan laporan delivery order yang dapat langsung di cetak dan di export ke microsoft excel. Kata Kunci: peramalan, penjualan, regresi linier, time serie

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α in the pathogenesis of autoimmune orchitis in rats

We studied the testicular macrophages of rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) and analyzed whether the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is involved in germ cell apoptosis and in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. The EAO was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by active immunization with testicular homogenate and adjuvants. In the experimental group, a severe orchitis was observed 80 days after the first immunization. ED1- and ED2-positive macrophages were quantified by immunohistochemistry. The TNFα concentration of conditioned media from testicular macrophages (TMCM) was determined by ELISA. The number of apoptotic TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-positive germ cells was identified by combining in situ end labeling of apoptotic DNA and immunohistochemical techniques. The effect of TNFα on Leydig cell testosterone production was determined by RIA. In rats with EAO, we observed a significant increase in the number of TNFα-positive testicular macrophages, the TNFα concentration in TMCM, and the number of TNFR1-positive germ cells. Sixty percent of TNFR1-positive germ cells were apoptotic. These results suggest that TNFα could be involved in the pathogenesis of EAO. Acting together with other local factors such as Fas-FasL, TNFα could trigger germ cell apoptosis. We also demonstrated that TNFα inhibited in vitro testosterone production in basal and hCG-stimulated Leydig cells from rats with orchitis.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

The Unique Neonatal NK Cells: A Critical Component Required for Neonatal Autoimmune Disease Induction by Maternal Autoantibody

Human maternal autoantibodies can trigger autoimmune diseases such as congenital heart block in the progeny of women with lupus or Sjogren’s disease. The pathogenic effect of early autoantibody exposure has been investigated in a murine neonatal autoimmune ovarian disease (nAOD) model triggered by a unique ZP3 antibody. Although immune complexes are formed in adult and neonatal ovaries, ZP3 antibody triggers severe nAOD only in <7 day-old neonatal mice. Propensity to nAOD is due to the uniquely hyper-responsive neonatal NK cells that lack the inhibitory Ly49C/I receptors. In nAOD, the neonatal NK cells directly mediate ovarian inflammation and oocyte depletion while simultaneously promoting de novo pathogenic ovarian-specific T cell responses. Resistance to nAOD in older mice results from the emergence of the Ly49C/I+ NK cells that regulate effector NK cells and from CD25+ regulatory T cell control. In preliminary studies, the ovarian resident FcgRIII+ macrophages and/or dendritic cells were found to be as indispensable players. Activated by ovarian immune complexes, they migrate to lymphoid organs where NK cell priming occurs. Remarkably, the findings in nAOD are very similar to those reported for neonatal responses to a retrovirus and its cognate antibody that lead to long-lasting immunity. Studies on nAOD therefore provide insights into maternal autoantibody-mediated neonatal autoimmunity, including congenital heart block, while simultaneously uncovering new properties of the neonatal innate and adaptive responses, lethality of premature infant infection, and novel neonatal antiviral vaccine design

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α in the pathogenesis of autoimmune orchitis in rats

We studied the testicular macrophages of rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) and analyzed whether the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is involved in germ cell apoptosis and in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. The EAO was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by active immunization with testicular homogenate and adjuvants. In the experimental group, a severe orchitis was observed 80 days after the first immunization. ED1- and ED2-positive macrophages were quantified by immunohistochemistry. The TNFα concentration of conditioned media from testicular macrophages (TMCM) was determined by ELISA. The number of apoptotic TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-positive germ cells was identified by combining in situ end labeling of apoptotic DNA and immunohistochemical techniques. The effect of TNFα on Leydig cell testosterone production was determined by RIA. In rats with EAO, we observed a significant increase in the number of TNFα-positive testicular macrophages, the TNFα concentration in TMCM, and the number of TNFR1-positive germ cells. Sixty percent of TNFR1-positive germ cells were apoptotic. These results suggest that TNFα could be involved in the pathogenesis of EAO. Acting together with other local factors such as Fas-FasL, TNFα could trigger germ cell apoptosis. We also demonstrated that TNFα inhibited in vitro testosterone production in basal and hCG-stimulated Leydig cells from rats with orchitis.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

A fixed point theorem for multifunctions and an application

The main result is a fixed point theorem for compositions of chain faithful multifunctions (Corollary 2.3). The theorem is then applied to get sufficient conditions for the fixed point property of the product of two partially ordered sets.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45583/1/12_2005_Article_BF01195267.pd

2-Amino­pyrimidinium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate

In the title compound, C4H6N3 +·H2O4P−·H2O, the pyrimidin­ium ring is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0016 Å. In the structure, pairs of symmetry-related anions are connected into centrosymmetric clusters via strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming six-membered rings with an R 2 2(6) motif. These clusters are inter­connected via water mol­ecules through OW—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, building an infinite layer parallel to the ab plane. Moreover, infinite chains of 2-amino­pyrimidinium cations spread along the a-axis direction. These chains are connected to the inorganic layer through N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which, together with electrostatic and van der Waals inter­actions, contribute to the cohesion and stability of the network in the crystal structure

Using Bounded Model Checking to Focus Fixpoint Iterations

Two classical sources of imprecision in static analysis by abstract interpretation are widening and merge operations. Merge operations can be done away by distinguishing paths, as in trace partitioning, at the expense of enumerating an exponential number of paths. In this article, we describe how to avoid such systematic exploration by focusing on a single path at a time, designated by SMT-solving. Our method combines well with acceleration techniques, thus doing away with widenings as well in some cases. We illustrate it over the well-known domain of convex polyhedra

Lifting CDCL to template-based abstract domains for program verification

The success of Conflict Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) for Boolean satisfiability has inspired adoption in other domains. We present a novel lifting of CDCL to program analysis called Abstract Conflict Driven Learning for Programs (ACDLP). ACDLP alternates between model search, which performs over-approximate deduction with constraint propagation, and conflict analysis, which performs under-approximate abduction with heuristic choice. We instantiate the model search and conflict analysis algorithms with an abstract domain of template polyhedra, strictly generalizing CDCL from the Boolean lattice to a richer lattice structure. Our template polyhedra can express intervals, octagons and restricted polyhedral constraints over program variables. We have implemented ACDLP for automatic bounded safety verification of C programs. We evaluate the performance of our analyser by comparing with CBMC, which uses Boolean CDCL, and Astrée, a commercial abstract interpretation tool. We observe two orders of magnitude reduction in the number of decisions, propagations, and conflicts as well as a 1.5x speedup in runtime compared to CBMC. Compared to Astrée, ACDLP solves twice as many benchmarks and has much higher precision. This is the first instantiation of CDCL with a template polyhedra abstract domain

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α in the pathogenesis of autoimmune orchitis in rats

We studied the testicular macrophages of rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) and analyzed whether the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is involved in germ cell apoptosis and in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. The EAO was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by active immunization with testicular homogenate and adjuvants. In the experimental group, a severe orchitis was observed 80 days after the first immunization. ED1- and ED2-positive macrophages were quantified by immunohistochemistry. The TNFα concentration of conditioned media from testicular macrophages (TMCM) was determined by ELISA. The number of apoptotic TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-positive germ cells was identified by combining in situ end labeling of apoptotic DNA and immunohistochemical techniques. The effect of TNFα on Leydig cell testosterone production was determined by RIA. In rats with EAO, we observed a significant increase in the number of TNFα-positive testicular macrophages, the TNFα concentration in TMCM, and the number of TNFR1-positive germ cells. Sixty percent of TNFR1-positive germ cells were apoptotic. These results suggest that TNFα could be involved in the pathogenesis of EAO. Acting together with other local factors such as Fas-FasL, TNFα could trigger germ cell apoptosis. We also demonstrated that TNFα inhibited in vitro testosterone production in basal and hCG-stimulated Leydig cells from rats with orchitis.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta