Sex differences in countermovement jump phase characteristics

The countermovement jump (CMJ) is commonly used to explore sex differences in neuromuscular function, but previous studies have only reported gross CMJ measures or have partly examined CMJ phase characteristics. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in CMJ phase characteristics between male and female athletes by comparing the force-, power-, velocity-, and displacement-time curves throughout the entire CMJ, in addition to gross measures. Fourteen men and fourteen women performed three CMJs on a force platform from which a range of kinetic and kinematic variables were calculated via forward dynamics. Jump height (JH), reactive strength index modified, relative peak concentric power, and eccentric and concentric displacement, velocity, and relative impulse were all greater for men (g = 0.58–1.79). Relative force-time curves were similar between sexes, but relative power-, velocity-, and displacement-time curves were greater for men at 90%–95% (immediately before and after peak power), 47%–54% (start of eccentric phase) and 85%–100% (latter half of concentric phase), and 65%–87% (bottom of countermovement and initial concentric phase) of normalized jump time, respectively. The CMJ distinguished between sexes, with men demonstrating greater JH through applying a larger concentric impulse and, thus, achieving greater velocity throughout most of the concentric phase, including take-off

Syntheses and solid state structures of zinc (II) complexes with Bi-dentate N-(Aryl)imino-acenapthenone (Ar-BIAO) ligands

We have synthesized five zinc complexes of molecular formulae [ZnCl 2 (2,6-dimethylphenyl- BIAO)] 2 ( 1a ), [ZnBr 2 (2,6-dimethylphenyl-BIAO)] 2 ( 1b ), [ZnI 2 (2,6-dimethylphenyl-BIAO)] 2 ( 1c ), [ZnBr 2 (mes- BIAO)] 2 ( 2b) and [ZnBr 2 (dipp-BIAO)] ( 3b) with rigid unsymmetrical imi noacenaphthenone ligands, (2,6- dimethylphenyl-BIAO) ( 1 ), (mesityl-BIAO) ( 2 ) and (2,6-diisopropylphenyl-BIAO) ( 3 ).Thezinccomplex 1a was prepared by the reaction of ZnCl 2 and neutral (mesityl-BIAO) ( 1 ). However, complexes 1b , 2b and 3b were obtained by the treatment of ZnBr 2 and neutral ligands 1 – 3 respectively in 1:1 molar ratio in dichloromethane at ambient temperature. In a similar reaction of ZnI 2 with (2,6-dimethylphenyl-BIAO) ( 1 ) in dichloromethane the corresponding iodo-complex 1c was obtained in good yield. All the zinc (II) complexes are characterized by FT-IR, 1 Hand 13 C{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopic techniques. The solid state structures of the complexes 1a , 1b , 1c , 2b and 3b are confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecular structures of com- plexes 1a , 1b , 1c and 2b reveal the dimeric nature of the complexes and subsequently the centre atom zinc is penta-coordinated to adopt distorted trigonal bipyr amidal geometry around it. In contrast, the complex 3b is in monomeric in nature due to bulkier size of the ligand and zinc ion is tetra coordinated to adopt distorted tetrahedral geometry

Light-Induced Defect Formation and Pt Single Atoms Synergistically Boost Photocatalytic H2 Production in 2D TiO2-Bronze Nanosheets ?

Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanosheets decorated with single atomic species (SAs) have recently attracted increasing attention due to their abundant surface-exposed reactive sites and maximum SAs binding capabilities thus lowering the catalyst cost, without sacrificing high performance for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production from water. Here, we present a strategy to prepare titanium dioxide-bronze nanosheets (TiO2-BNS) and H2-reduced TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2- HRNS) synthesized, characterized, and applied for photocatalytic H2 production. Surprisingly, black TiO2-HRNS show complete photo inactivity, while the TiO2-BNS-Pt0.05 nanohybrid shows excellent H2 production rate with a very low loading of 0.05 wt % Pt. TiO2-BNS-Pt0.05 presents around 10 and 99 times higher photocatalytic rate than pristine TiO2-BNS under solar and 365 nm UV-LED light irradiation, respectively. Due to the 2D morphology and the presence of abundant coordinating sites, the successful formation of widely dispersed Pt SAs was achieved. Most excitingly, the in situ formation of surface-exposed defect sites (Ti3+) was observed for TiO2-BNS under light illumination, suggesting their significant role in enhancing the H2 production rate. This self-activation and amplification behavior of TiO2-BNS can be extended to other 2D systems and applied to other photocatalytic reactions, thus providing a facile approach for fully utilizing noble metal catalysts via the successful formation of SAs

On the Scattering Phase for AdS_5 x S^5 Strings

We propose a phase factor of the worldsheet S-matrix for strings on AdS_5 x S^5 apparently solving Janik's crossing relation.Comment: 9 pages, v2: revised conclusions about agreement with perturbative string theory; minor changes, v3: resolution to above problems indicated, to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Is peer support in group clinics as effective as traditional individual appointments? The first study in patients with Celiac disease

INTRODUCTION: Celiac disease (CD) is common, affecting approximately 1% of the population. The cornerstone of management is a gluten-free diet, with dietetic advice being the key to aiding implementation. The aim of the study was to assess group clinics in comparison with traditional individual appointments. METHODS: Patients with a new diagnosis of CD, confirmed histologically, were prospectively recruited over 18 months in Sheffield, United Kingdom. Patients received either a group clinic or traditional one-to-one appointment, led by a dietitian. Quality-of-life questionnaires were completed at baseline, as well as biochemical parameters being recorded. Patients were followed up at 3 months, where adherence scores were assessed as well as biochemical parameters and quality of life questionnaires being completed. RESULTS: Sixty patients with CD were prospectively recruited and received either an individual (n = 30) or group clinic (n = 30). A statistically significant reduction in tissue transglutaminase was noted following group clinics (mean 58.5, SD 43.4 U/mL vs mean 13.2, SD 5.7 U/mL, P < 0.01). No significant differences in baseline and follow-up biochemical parameters between one-to-one and group clinics were noted. At follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference between mean gluten-free diet adherence scores (mean 3.1, SD 0.4 vs mean 3.1, SD 0.7, P = 0.66) between one-to-one and group clinics. DISCUSSION: This first study assessing group clinics in CD demonstrates they are as effective as traditional one-to-one clinics, with the added benefits of peer support and greater efficiency, with an estimated 54% reduction of dietetic resources

On highest-energy state in the su(1|1) sector of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory

We consider the highest-energy state in the su(1|1) sector of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory containing operators of the form tr(Z^{L-M} \psi^M) where Z is a complex scalar and \psi is a component of gaugino. We show that this state corresponds to the operator tr(\psi^L) and can be viewed as an analogue of the antiferromagnetic state in the su(2) sector. We find perturbative expansions of the energy of this state in both weak and strong 't Hooft coupling regimes using asymptotic gauge theory Bethe ansatz equations. We also discuss a possible analog of this state in the conjectured string Bethe ansatz equations.Comment: 23 pages, Late

Operator with large spin and spinning D3-brane

We consider the conformal dimension of an operator with large spin, using a spinning D3-brane with electric flux in AdS_5 x S^5 instead of spinning fundamental string. This spinning D3-brane solution seems to correspond to an operator made by taking trace in a large symmetric representation. The conformal dimension, the spin and the R-charge show a scaling relation in a certain region of parameters. In the small string charge limit, the result is consistent with the fundamental string picture. There is a phase transition when the fundamental string charge become larger than a certain critical value; there is no stable D3-brane solution above the critical value.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. v2: typos corrected, references added, series expansion of anomalous dimension added. v3: a reference added, comment on calculation in gauge theor

Infinite spin limit of semiclassical string states

Motivated by recent works of Hofman and Maldacena and Dorey we consider a special infinite spin limit of semiclassical spinning string states in AdS5 x S5. We discuss examples of known folded and circular 2-spin string solutions and demonstrate explicitly that the 1-loop superstring correction to the classical expression for the energy vanishes in the limit when one of the spins is much larger that the other. We also give a general discussion of this limit at the level of integral equations describing finite gap solutions of the string sigma model and argue that the corresponding asymptotic form of the string and gauge Bethe equations is the same.Comment: 38 pages, 3 figures; v2: comments on derivation of bound states of magnons from discrete Bethe equations added in section 4 and appendix C, references added, Imperial-TP-AT-6-4, HUTP-06/A002

AdS/CFT duality at strong coupling

We study the strong coupling limit of AdS/CFT correspondence in the framework of a recently proposed fermionic formulation of the Bethe Ansatz equations governing the gauge theory anomalous dimensions. We provide examples of states that do not follow the Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov law at large 't Hooft coupling $\lambda$, in contrast with recent results on the quantum string Bethe equations valid in that regime. This result indicates that the fermionic construction cannot be trusted at large $\lambda$, although it remains an efficient tool to compute the weak coupling expansion of anomalous dimensions.Comment: Presented at Nonlinear Physics. Theory and Experiment. IV Gallipoli, June 22 - July 1, 2006. To appear in the proceeding