Hole burning in a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a Cooper pair box

We propose a scheme to create holes in the statistical distribution of excitations of a nanomechanical resonator. It employs a controllable coupling between this system and a Cooper pair box. The success probability and the fidelity are calculated and compared with those obtained in the atom-field system via distinct schemes. As an application we show how to use the hole-burning scheme to prepare (low excited) Fock states.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure

Production costs within the firm or in the market : a comparative view.

Um dos dilemas fundamentais da firma reside em executar determinada atividade no mercado, ou no seu interior. Na literatura ? a economia dos custos de transa??o (ECT) que melhor permite esta an?lise, apresentando a forma de governan?a adequada para determinada atividade. Contudo, a ECT sozinha n?o permite analisar completamente esta quest?o, por n?o abordar em profundidade o papel da configura??o dos recursos produtivos na efici?ncia de determinada atividade. Duas quest?es a este respeito ainda s?o prementes: Quais os fundamentos da efici?ncia do mercado e das firmas que definem o custo da atividade nestes dois meios? Qual ? a estrutura comparativa dos custos relativa ? execu??o de determinada atividade nestes dois meios? Diante destas duas quest?es este artigo tem por objetivo propor um modelo dos custos de produ??o na empresa e no mercado, baseado na efici?ncia dos fatores de produ??o e nos custos de transa??o. Esta proposta ? feita ? luz dos pressupostos da ECT, da organiza??o industrial (OI) e da vis?o baseada nos recursos (VBR). Como principal resultado este modelo permite compreender como os custos de transa??o e a efici?ncia dos fatores de produ??o determinam o desenvolvimento das empresas e do sistema econ?mico como um todo.One crucial dilemma of the firm is how to perform a given activity, on market or internally. In the literature it is the transaction costs economics (TCE) which better allows this analysis, presenting the most adequate governance form to perform a determined activity. However, only this theory by itself does not allow a complete examination of this topic, as it does not deeply address the role of configuration of productive assets in the activity efficiency. Thus, two questions still remain: What are the underpinnings of the market and firms which determine the costs of the productive activities in these two settings? What is the comparative cost framework regarding the performing of a given activity in these two settings? Referring to these two research questions, the aim of this paper is to propose a model of production costs within the firm and the market based on the efficiency of production assets and on the transaction costs. This model is presented under the lights of TCE, industrial organization (IO), and resource-based view (RBV). As the main result this model allows a better understanding about how the transaction costs and the product asset efficiency determine the development of firms and the economic system as a whole

The hypertension cascade of care in the midst of conflict: the case of the Gaza Strip

Although hypertension constitutes a substantial burden in conflict-affected areas, little is known about its prevalence, control, and management in Gaza. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, its diagnosis and control among adults in Gaza. We conducted a representative, cross-sectional, anonymous, household survey of 4576 persons older than 40 years in Gaza in mid-2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements. Hypertension was defined in anyone with an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg from two consecutive readings or a hypertension diagnosis. The mean age of participants was 56.9 ± 10.5 years, 54.0% were female and 68.5% were Palestinian refugees. The prevalence of hypertension was 56.5%, of whom 71.5% had been diagnosed. Hypertension was significantly higher among older participants, refugees, ex-smokers, those who were overweight or obese, and had other co-morbidities including mental illnesses. Two-thirds (68.3%) of those with hypertension were on treatment with one in three (35.6%) having their hypertension controlled. Having controlled hypertension was significantly higher in females, those receiving all medications for high blood pressure and those who never or rarely added salt to food. Investing in comprehensive but cost-effective initiatives that strengthen the prevention, early detection and timely treatment of hypertension in conflict settings is critical. It is essential to better understand the underlying barriers behind the lack of control and develop multi-sectoral programs to address these barriers

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) in Assessing Tubal Patency: Experience at a District General Hospital

No abstract available

Refinery Energy Conservation Experience with Enhanced Surface Reboilers

Examples of refinery services where existing reboilers were retubed or replaced with enhanced High Flux tubing to better utilize or conserve energy are reported. (1) Retubing an existing toluene column reboiler permitted the use of low cost 115 psig s team rather than 400 psig. An annual steam cost saving of $1,200,000 with less than two month payback was realized. (2) An MEK dewaxing evaporator was retubed to reduce its steam pressure from 150 psig to 15 psig. The resulting annual steam cost savings was$719, 000 with less than one month payback. (3) A large existing propane-propylene splitter underwent a major conversion to reduce energy consumption. By replacing the existing reboilers with High Flux and converting the system to a vapor recompression cycle over $2,000, 000 in annual steam cost savings were realized