Effect of Process Variables on High-Tension Separation - A Statistical Approach

The minerals like ilmenite, rutile and leucoxene behave as conducting minerals where as zircon, sillimanite, garnet and monazite behave as non-conducting minerals when high potential difference is applied. In a mineral processing plants effective separation of the conducting minerals depends on the efficiency of electrostatic separators. The commercial equipment are designed in an electro dynamic and electrostatic operating conditions depending on the process requirement and several stages of such operations are necessary to produce high pure mineral products with good recovery. The separation process becomes relatively more dcult when the particle size distribution is in wider ranging from very fine to coarser along with coated non-conducting minerals. The present study deals with the use of high-tension separa-tor in processing heavy minerals for recovery of conducting minerals. The process variables have been optimized with the help of statistical design of exper-iments and co-relations have been developed between the operating variables of high-tension separator, yield and the grade of conducting minerals recovered

Effect of Teetering Pulp Density in Floatex Density Separator - A Case Study

The combination of gravity separators like air/wind/wet tables and spirals were used in multistages for the separation of heavier minerals such as monazite, zircon etc. from other minerals such as sillimanite, quartz etc. The introduction of modified commercially available hind-ered settling separators, like floated density/cross flow separators have revolutionized the separation techniques and simplified the earlier complicated process flow sheet. This paper deals with the use of such equipments and some experimental results on separation of fine sillimanite and quartz from the zircon rich fraction which was difficult to separate using conventional gravity concentrators

OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY HARVESTING

Micro-generators produce electrical energy when subjected to acceleration. Three architectures of inertial micro-generator were identified as suitable for implementation using MEMS technology. Two of these architectures, both resonant in nature, have been reported in the existing literature. The third, a non-resonant type, is new. The architectures have been analyzed and compared within a common framework, based on sinusoidal driving signals and a common set of normalization factors. A simple procedure for the design process of micro-generators was established. Within the analytical framework, the non-resonant generator achieved the highest power density of the three architectures when powered from large amplitude motion, making it the most suitable for powering implanted medical devices

Application of Enriched Fraction of Seabuckthorn Leaf Extract as Antimicrobial Finish on Technical Textile

Flavonoid-rich fraction (FRF) from Seabuckthorn leaves extract was prepared by acid hydrolysis process. Total flavonoid content of Seabuckthorn leaves extract and FRF estimated as rutin equivalent was found to be 116.98±3.06 and 277.14 ± 6.78 mg/g of extract/FRF respectively. Its major constituents myrcetin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, were determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Aramid (NomexIIIA) fabric was treated with triethylene tetramine to increase the wicking height of the fabric for better uptake of FRF. Then, FRF was coated using citric acid as cross linking agent on to aramid fabric by pad-dry-cure method for improved wash durability. FRF coated fabric was characterised using Universal attenuated total internal reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Effect of FRF coating on flammability property of coated fabric was estimated using flammability tester. There was no significant difference in the char length of the FRF coated fabric and control samples. Antimicrobial activity of the FRF coated fabric was assessed by both qualitative (agar diffusion method; AATCC 147-2001) and quantitative (percentage reduction test; (AATCC 100-2001) methods using test organisms. The zone of inhibition by agar diffusion method for E. coli and S. aureus was found to be 12.4 mm and 16.7 mm respectively. Quantitative assessment by percentage reduction test showed a reduction percentage of 96.00% and 93.00% for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The results of the above study indicate FRF as a valuable ingredient for the development of antimicrobial textiles

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SEVEN PHENYL HYDRAZINE CHLORO ESTER ISOMERS (PGIs) BY RP-HPLC-UV METHOD IN ANTICOAGULANT DRUG SUBSTANCE; APIXABAN

Objective: The objective of this work was to develop and validate a simple and sensitive reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography method for the determination of seven potential genotoxic impurities in Apixaban drug substance. Methods: The optimized separation was achieved by using ACE 3 C18 PFP (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3 µm) HPLC column. The mobile phase-A was a degassed mixture of 0.01M Ammonium acetate buffer(PH adjusted 4.9±0.05 with diluted glacial acetic acid) and mobile phase-B was a degassed mixture of Acetonitrile, Isopropyl alcohol and Buffer PH 4.9 in the ratio of 60:20:20 v/v/v. The gradient program was operated at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection was at 330 nm. Results: The method was superior at linearity for seven impurities and correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999, moreover, in the separation point of view, this method further achieved no matrix interference through chromatography by better resolution of the other impurities from the Apixaban drug substance and its related impurities for the accurate analysis of seven potential genotoxic impurities. The established limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ) values for the seven mutagenic impurities were each of 5 ppm (0.015µg/ml) and15 ppm (0.045µg/ml) respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and applied as a generic method to determine these seven potential genotoxic impurities for the pharmaceutical process control and drug material release. Conclusion: Validation of this analytical method was carried out including stability, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, system precision, method precision and intermediate precision thus proving that the described RP-HPLC method could be employed for fast and simple analysis of sevenphenyl hydrazine chloro ester isomers in Apixaban drug substance

Effect of nano based seed treatment insecticides on seed quality in Pigeonpea

A laboratory experiment was conducted to know the effect seed treatment with nano insecticides on seed quality of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cv. TS3R. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of macro and nano insecticides on seed germination and vigour of Pigeonpea. Different recommended seed treatment insecticides viz, malathion, fenvalerate, emamectine benzoate, thiodicarb, sweet flag and neem seed kernel powder insecticides were synthesized to nano form using high energy planetary ball mill. The Pigeonpea seed were treated with different nano insecticides i.e., 10-90 per cent reduction in actual dosage. Among the different treatments studied, seed treated with nano malathion 50 per cent lesser than normal dosage, fenvalerate 60 per cent lesser, thiodicarb 10 per cent lesser, emamectine benzoate 30 per cent lesser, sweetflag 70 per cent lesser, neem seed kernel powder 40 per cent lesser than actual recommended dosage gave significantly higher seed germination (98.0, 98.67, 98.67, 97.0, 99.0 and 98.67 percent) ,less number of abnormal seedlings (1.0, 0.33, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 and 0.33 per cent) , shoot length (10.13, 9.00, 11.47, 9.50, 10.90 and 10.87 cm), root length (12.56, 12.93, 12.83, 12.60 11.50 and 13.00 cm), seedling dry weight (85.73, 87.40, 88.47, 87.70, 88.60 and 88.27 g) and seedling vigour index (2223, 2164, 2397, 2143, 2217 and 2354) as compared to untreated seeds and macro insecticides. Therefore, it is very clear that nano based insecticides has a significant (0.1 %) impact on the seed quality improvement