Investigating the accelerated electrochemical corrosion protection performance of Coal-Tar and Bitumen Enamel coating for pipelines

This work attempts to give a general zoom to the nanostructured carbon materials from their appearance, discovery and fabrication, until their applications and impacts in the scientific field. The three main carbon nano-allotropes: fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene, are revised in order to stablish a general overview. Finally, some alternatives on the potential growing of these materials are also presente

A short review on various applications of Carbon nanotubes and Graphene nanosheets in different industries

Carbon based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets have attracted the attention of researchers due to their outstanding extraordinary properties. In this article, we have presented the researches on the application of carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets in Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials at Materials and Energy Research Center. We have used different modification strategies based on its application for improving the obtained properties in various fields including ammonia gas sensors, supercapacitors, fuel cells, drug delivery systems, and corrosion resistant coatings in order to achieve superior properties in each fiel

Amino-silane co-functionalized h-BN nanofibers with anti-corrosive function for epoxy coating

In this research, hexagonal boron nitride nanofibers co-functionalized with polydopamine and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (Fh-BNNFs) are used for developing anti-corrosion solvent-based nanocomposite epoxy coatings. The h-BNNFs are successfully synthesized by utilizing inexpensive precursors of melamine and boric acid. The prepared nanomaterials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The corrosion resistance of the pure and nanocomposite epoxy coatings is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Potentiodynamic polarization tests, salt spray, and pull-off adhesion measurements. The results indicate that the epoxy nanocomposite coatings containing optimum amount of the Fh-BNNFs show superior corrosion resistance. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) method is applied to investigate the energetics and interaction mechanisms at each interface within the epoxy matrix

Investigating the effect of PDA/KH550 dual functionalized h-BCN nanosheets and hybrided with ZnO on corrosion and fouling resistance of epoxy coating: Experimental and DFT studies

In this work, two-dimensional hexagonal boron carbonitride nanosheets co-functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) (abbreviated as Fh-BCNNS) are introduced as nanofillers for promoting the fouling and physical barrier resistance of solvent-based epoxy coatings. The material characterization conducted with X-ray techniques of photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction as well as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller confirm that the synthesized h-BCNNS has 353 m(2)/g specific surface area with microporous structure, while field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that the co-functionalization is successfully achieved. After dispersing the Fh-BCNNS in the epoxy matrix at 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 wt% followed by mixing with the curing agent, the coating is applied by a spray method on the steel surface. The data derived by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that the optimum corrosion resistant properties is achieved by loading 0.6 wt% Fh-BCNNS, and the coating resistance of the optimized nanocomposite is 3.7 x 10(7 )and 2.85 x (10)(6)omega.cm(2) after immersion in the corrosive electrolyte of 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for 1 day and 28 days, respectively. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) alongside the experimental investigations proves the mechanisms involved in corrosion protection properties through considering interactions and electronic properties. For EP/Fh-BCNNS@F-ZnO nanohybrid, the value of Z(f)= 0.01 Hz of EP/Fh-BCNNS@F-ZnO hybrids after 1 day and 4 weeks of immersion, are 9 x 10(7) and 3.3 x 10(7) omega.cm(2) which are two order of magnitude higher than EP/Fh-BCNNS. According to anti-fouling results, the growth rate of algae is less than 10% for the EP/Fh-BCNNS@F-ZnO sample and between 30% and 60% for the control sample (EP/Fh-BCNNS at 0.6 wt%) after 28 days of immersion

Multi-treatments based on polydimethylsiloxane and metal-organic framework wrapped with graphene oxide for achieving long-term corrosion and fouling protection: experimental and density functional theory aspects

In this study, ZIF-8 metal-organic framework decorated on surface of graphene oxide nanosheets and func-tionalized with silane moieties (F-GO@MOF) is employed to enhance the anti-corrosion, anti-bacterial, and anti-fouling properties of epoxy coatings modified with polydimethylsiloxane (epoxy-PDMS). The epoxy-PDMS/F-GO@MOF sample has revealed super-hydrophobic behavior with least water contact angle changes (Delta theta approximate to 5 degrees while Delta theta approximate to 17 degrees is recorded for epoxy-PDMS sample) during 20 days of immersion, twice pull-off adhesion strength (6.8 MPa compared to 3.7 MPa for epoxy-PDMS coating), and significantly higher impedance modulus (8.82 x 108 Omega.cm(2) which is 3 times more than the epoxy-PDMS sample) during 60 days of immersion in NaCl electrolyte. The anti-bacterial test against Pseudomonas sp. and anti-fouling monitoring in Qingdao port have shown that fewer bacteria and marine organisms are attached on the epoxy-PDMS/F-GO@MOF coating, respectively, indicating advanced fouling and bacterial resistance of the nanocomposite sample. Based on the theoretical studies by density functional theory (DFT) method, the binding of the components in the GO@MOF complex is notably large which could inhibit the penetration of corrosive agents toward the steel substrate. In addition, the stabilization of the GO@MOF nanohybrid is mainly controlled through van der Waals (vdW) forces

Exergy Based Assessment Of The Production And Conversion Of Switchgrass, Equine Waste, And Forest Residue To Bio-Oil Using Fast Pyrolysis

The resource efficiency of biofuel production via biomass pyrolysis is evaluated using exergy as an assessment metric. Three feedstocks, important to various sectors of U.S. agriculture, switchgrass, forest residue, and equine waste, are considered for conversion to bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) via fast pyrolysis, a process that has been identified as adaptable to on- or near-farm application. Biomass and biofuel production pathways are defined, material flows are determined, and exergy in- and outflows associated with biomass production and conversion are computed, including the depletion of exergy from its natural state (cumulative exergy demand, CExD). Sources of exergy depletion are quantified and categorized by energy carriers, e.g., electricity and diesel fuel, and materials, e.g., fertilizer, as well as renewable and nonrenewable resources. Yields for biomass to bio-oil conversion by fast pyrolysis are determined experimentally. Breeding factors, a measure of exergy production (the ratio of the chemical exergy of the output product to process exergy inputs), are determined for the production of biomass and bio-oil. The quantification of exergy depletion for process pathways enables the possible identification of more sustainable (resource efficient) pathways for biomass and bio-oil production. It is shown, for example, that feedstocks grown primarily for biomass such as switchgrass may be less sustainable using the exergy measure compared to use of residue (e.g., forest thinnings) or waste biomass (e.g., equine waste). With regard to the pyrolysis process, there is substantial reduction in exergy depletion when the coproducts noncondensable gases and biochar are recycled and utilized as a source of heat. The sustainability of biomass production and conversion, as measured by exergy depletion, is strongly influenced by energy carriers. The study reveals that the method of electricity production, i.e., on-site generation or grid electricity, as well as the choice of grid electricity can have a significant impact on sustainability. The exergy content of the bio-oil produced varies from 24 to 27 MJ/kg bio-oil, which is much lower than traditional fuels. However, the cumulative exergy depletion for the production and conversion to bio-oil varies from approximately 4 to 11 MJ/kg bio-oil, which is also much lower than traditional fuels. Breeding factors for biomass production and conversion to bio-oil based on cumulative exergy depletion vary from approximately 2 to 5, demonstrating the potential exergy benefit of bio-oil production using fast pyrolysis