Effects of Oral Cadmium Exposure on Renal Glomerular and Tubular Functions in the Rat

The effects of orally consumed cadmium on the functions of the kidney have been investigated in rats based on the reported level of the toxicant in Warri River. Relative to the corresponding controls there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the amount of cadmium in the kidneys of rats in all the test groups. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) changes in plasma creatinine after 2 months (control - 1.20 \ub1 0.20 x 10-2; test - 0.92 \ub1 0.26 x 10-2 \u3bcg/ml) and glucose after 1-month (control - 91.67 \ub1 3.39; test - 102.75 \ub1 5.99 mg/dL) exposure. Twenty-four hours urine volume were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in rats exposed to cadmium for 1 and 2 months. Also in the Cd-exposed rats urine protein was significantly elevated in those exposed for 2 and 3 months but their urine glucose was demonstratively elevated only in those exposed for 2 months (control - 33.00 \ub1 7.80; test - 43.00 \ub1 9.80 mg/dL). Urine creatinine was not significantly altered in any of the test groups. Consistently there were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in total ATPase and Mg2+ - ATPase activities at the end of the 2 and 3 months exposure when compared to the controls @JASE

ALTERATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF OXIDATIVE ENZYMES IN THE TISSUES OF MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS EXPOSED TO CADMIUM Address reprint request to

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the activities of some oxidative enzymes [viz Aldehyde oxidase, AO (E.C. 1.2.3.1); Xanthine oxidase, XO (E.C. 1.2.3.2); Sulphite oxidase, SO (E.C.1.8.3.1.); and Monoamine oxidase, MO (E.C. 1.4.3.4)] in the liver and kidney. Materials and methods: Male Wistar albino rats were administered 1, 2 and 4 mg Cd 2+ /kg body weight for one and three months. The activities of the oxidative enzymes were subsequently analyzed in the liver and kidney after both periods of exposure. Results: There was a dose dependent increase in liver and kidney Cd concentration in the test rats as compared to control after both periods of treatment with the liver retaining higher concentration of Cd than the kidney for each of the exposure dose. The oxidative enzymes were decreased in a dose dependent manner in the liver and kidney after both periods of treatment. The percentage inhibition of these enzymes was less in the liver of rats treated with Cd for three months relative to the one month treated rats for each of the exposure dose. Conversely, the inhibition of the activities of these enzymes in the kidney of rats in all the treatment groups was more pronounced after three months relative to the trend in the one month treated rats. However, the activities of the oxidative enzymes were higher in the liver as compared to the kidney in all the treatment groups after both durations of Cd treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the inhibition of the oxidative enzymes by Cd may disturb metabolism of bioactive endogenous substances, exogenous components of food and some xenobiotics

Oral cadmium exposure alters haematological and liver function parameters of rats fed a Nigerian-like diet

Abstract Purpose. The effect of oral cadmium toxicity on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and some haematological parameters was studied in Wistar albino rats fed a Nigerian-like diet (NLD) for 16 weeks. Design. Two groups of rats were fed with either a normal diet or a NLD. Half of the animals in each group received deionized water and the other half received 100 mg cadmium kg 21 in drinking water. The plasma and liver activities of AST and ALT were assayed. Methods. ALT, AST and haematological parameters were determined by standard procedures. Results. There was a significant (p,0.05) increase in plasma AST and ALT and a corresponding decrease in the same enzymes in the liver of rats fed with a NLD and those exposed to cadmium. The NLD significantly reduced haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell counts compared with the control diet and cadmium elaborated these effects. Conclusion. This study shows that the NLD may predispose rats to liver and haematological dysfunction in cadmium toxicity

Effects of Oral Cadmium Exposure on Renal Glomerular and Tubular Functions in the Rat

The effects of orally consumed cadmium on the functions of the kidney have been investigated in rats based on the reported level of the toxicant in Warri River. Relative to the corresponding controls there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the amount of cadmium in the kidneys of rats in all the test groups. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) changes in plasma creatinine after 2 months (control 1.20 ± 0.20 X 10-2; test 0.92 ± 0.26 X 10-2 µg/ml) and glucose after 1-month (control 91.67 ± 3.39; test 102.75 ± 5.99 mg/dL) exposure. Twenty-four hours urine volume were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in rats exposed to cadmium for 1 and 2 months. Also in the Cd-exposed rats urine protein was significantly elevated in those exposed for 2 and 3 months but their urine glucose was demonstratively elevated only in those exposed for 2 months (control 33.00 ± 7.80; test 43.00 ±9.80 mg/dL). Urine creatinine was not significantly altered in any of the test groups. Consistently there were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in total ATPase and Mg2+ - ATPase activities at the end of the 2 and 3 months exposure when compared to the controls. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 8 (1) 2004: 29 - 3

Effects of Oral Cadmium Exposure on Renal Glomerular and Tubular Functions in the Rat

The effects of orally consumed cadmium on the functions of the kidney have been investigated in rats based on the reported level of the toxicant in Warri River. Relative to the corresponding controls there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the amount of cadmium in the kidneys of rats in all the test groups. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) changes in plasma creatinine after 2 months (control 1.20 ± 0.20 X 10-2; test 0.92 ± 0.26 X 10-2 µg/ml) and glucose after 1-month (control 91.67 ± 3.39; test 102.75 ± 5.99 mg/dL) exposure. Twenty-four hours urine volume were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in rats exposed to cadmium for 1 and 2 months. Also in the Cd-exposed rats urine protein was significantly elevated in those exposed for 2 and 3 months but their urine glucose was demonstratively elevated only in those exposed for 2 months (control 33.00 ± 7.80; test 43.00 ±9.80 mg/dL). Urine creatinine was not significantly altered in any of the test groups. Consistently there were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in total ATPase and Mg2+ - ATPase activities at the end of the 2 and 3 months exposure when compared to the controls. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 8 (1) 2004: 29 - 3

The Effect of Acute Plasmodium falciparum Infection on the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ascorbic acid on Nigerian Children

The effect of acute plasmodium falciparum infection on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ascorbic acid (AA) were studied in 200 children infested with malaria between the ages of 0.5 - 5 years with a male to female ratio of 3:1. Healthy children (n = 200) matched for age and sex ratio served as control. MDA content was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the plasma of malarias children (13.88 ± 1.02 µmol/m) compared to the control (8.71 + 0.62 mmol/ml) However, AA level showed an opposite response: malarias children (87.41 + 3.43 mmol/ml) and control (122.07 + 6.36 mmol/ml). These results were also highly significant (P < 0.01). Also a negative correlation (r = -0.525) was observed between these two parameters in the malarias children against a positive correlation (r = 0.533) in the control. These opposite responses in the level of lipid peroxidation and ascorbic acid may in part account for the general tissue damage associated with the pathology of malaria. @JASE