Embodied Energy and Carbon footprints in Residential buildings

To satisfy the housing needs of an ever increasing population, the construction of buildings have become a large consumer of a considerably large amount of energy and resources. This human activity as well as other industrial and domestic activities if left unchecked will result in the gradual deterioration of our environment. The term embodied energy has been developed as a means to measure the energy expended during the life cycle of a building material. This life cycle consists of mining and processing of raw materials, production processes which transforms the raw materials to the desired building material, transportation to site, construction and finally demolition. The use of embodied energy as a measurement tool is currently being applied in other industrial sectors such as manufacturing and road construction. This paper aims at calculating the embodied energy and carbon footprint of a 1 bedroom 1 storey flat. Results obtained from this analysis reveal that the embodied energy and carbon of the case study building is 2878.32MJ⁄m^2 and 367.21〖kgCO〗^2/m^2 respectively

Comparative analysis of rubber seed methyl ester with other methyl esters.

This study was carried out to compare the physico-chemical properties of rubber seed methyl ester with other methyl esters of non-edible oil. In order to achieve a two-step transesterification process was developed to convert rubber seed oil to its methyl esters. The first step, acid catalyzed esterification reduces the (free fatty acid) FFA content of the oil to ~1%. The second step, alkaline catalyzed transesterification process converts the products of the first step to its mono-esters and glycerol. The free fatty acid composition and the important properties of rubber seed oil with other oils determined. The important properties of biodiesel such as specific gravity, flash point, cloud point and pour point were determined and compared with that of diesel. Other properties such as kinematic viscosity sulphur content, Aniline point and Acid value of rubber seed methyl ester were deduced and compared with other methyl esters. From the results obtained, the transesterification process was found to improve the fuel properties of the oil with respect to specific gravity, viscosity, flash point and acid value. The comparison of these properties with diesel shows that the methyl ester from rubber seed oil has a relatively close fuel propety values to that of diesel,making it a viable alternative to the diesel fuel.KEYWORDS: Rubber seed oil, methyl Ester, Transesterification, Comparativ

Dataset on noise level measurement in Ota metropolis, Nigeria

Datasets contained in this article are noise level measurementcarried out at 41 different locations in Ota metropolis, Nigeria. Thenoise readings were measured at a time interval of 30 min for eachsite considered using a precision grade sound level meter. Theanalysis was based on the noise descriptors LAeq,L10,L90,LD, TNIand NEI. Results from the study reflects that the highest and lowestequivalent noise levels (LAeq) were recorded at commercial areas(96 dB (A)) and residential areas (52 dB (A)), respectively, thebackground noise level (L90) has the highest and lowest values atcommercial areas (77 dB (A)) and residential areas (44 dB (A)),respectively and the peak value (L10) has the highest value andlowest value at the commercial areas (96 dB (A)) and residentialareas (56 dB (A)). Based on the WHO recommendations and stan-dards, only 2 out of the 41 locations considered are under normallyacceptable situation while the noise levels of other areas are notacceptable. Noise map developed in this study provides enoughinformation for technical controls and interim legislation againstenvironmental noise pollution in the metropolis. Moreover, con-sidering the noise emission standards, planning and promoting thecitizens awareness about the high noise risk could help to mitigatethe effect of noise in Ota, Metropolis. The noise data in this study are useful as reference and guideline for future regulations onnoise limit to be implemented for urban areas in Nigeria anddeveloping countries at large

Meta-analysis of HNF1A-MODY3 variants among human population

BACKGROUND : Previously, numerous case-control studies have highlighted variants responsible for Maturity onset diabetes of young (MODY). However, these studies have been conducted among diverse populations and hence yielded contradictory results. We, therefore, performed a meta-analysis to precisely find the association of SNPs with the disease for the HNF1A gene. OBJECTIVE : Meta-analysis of clinically defined studies deciphering mutations in the HNF1A gene responsible for the development of MODY3 was conducted among various populations to determine associations using statistical approaches. METHODS : The curation of 505 research articles published between the years 2000–2021 was carried out. Visualization of data-related protocols and statistical-analysis were conducted, which led to the identification of highly prevalent mutations among different populations (majorly Europe). Further comparison between the frequencies of the control (healthy population) and test (diseased population) dataset generated through curation was performed. RESULTS : We identified nine MODY3 mutations (rs587776825, rs1169288, rs1800574, rs2464196, rs137853244, rs137853238, rs587780357, rs137853240 and rs137853243) at the genome-wide significance level ( p < 5.0 × 10−8). The present study confirmed that the data does not follow a normal distribution. Further, the data was confirmed to be a more homogenous type with frequencies having a significant association with the disease. CONCLUSION : This meta-analysis found significant associations of mutations in HNF1A with MODY3, consistent with previous studies. Our findings should help elucidate the mutations in a compiled form responsible for causing MODY3.https://link.springer.com/journal/40200hj2023Consumer ScienceFood Scienc