ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAF AND BARK OF DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA IN YEAST INDUCED PYREXIA

Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic effect of the ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana Linn against brewer yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats of both sexes was investigated.Methods: The Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer's yeast suspension (10 ml/kg) into the animals. After the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug.Results: The results showed that the ethanol extracts of leaf of Diospyros virginiana possessed significant antipyretic effect compared to the bark extract.Conclusion: This study provides evidences for the antipyretic activity of Diospyros virginiana which could partly contribute to its ethno medical use

A Study of serum uric acid levels in a setting of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital, Vellore

BACKGROUND: Stroke is socioeconomically a disabling disease with an enormous amount of loss to family and the country. The incidence and prevalence of stroke is on a rapid rise with number of risk factors emerging and is in the ascend with the modern living. Stroke is a disease of the elderly and people with risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia. The increased serum uric acid and cardiovascular risk factors has been debated for many years and there has been conflicting results over the study of clinical significance of increased serum uric acid in cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. Of it studies have concluded that increased SUA is an important risk factors for the development of CVD with strong association with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and BMI. Few study have shown that increased SUA has good prognosis with outcome of cerebrovascular disease due to its antioxidant property. Thus this study aims at study the levels of serum uric acid with other risk factors and its role in influencing the risk of incidence of acute ischemic stroke. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To identify the role of serum uric acid in influencing the risk of acute ischaemic stroke. 2. To identify whether any association exists between age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, renal parameters and BMI and serum uric acid level. METHODOLOGY: The study was carried out in acute ischemic stroke patients admitted in medical wards under the department of general medicine in Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital (GVMCH), Vellore. A sample of 100 patients were include in the study after meticulously scrutinising the patients through a well prepared proforma over a period of one year starting from 01 September 2016 to 31 August 2017. After prior Institutional Ethical clearance and obtaining informed consent, the participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were asked detailed history and clinical examination was performed according to the well-designed proforma cited below. RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 61.14 years. Most of the patients belonged to the age group 50 -70years. Out of 100 cases, there were 65 (65.0%) males and 35(35.0%) females. The Male to Female sex ratio was 1.85:1. Of the 100 patients 66 had normal BMI and 34 patients had abnormal BMI. Fasting blood sugar was elevated in 50 patients and 50 patients had normal fasting blood sugar. Of the 100 patients 68 patients had history of hypertension, 26 people were smokers. Overall 69 patients had abnormal lipid profile of which 54 patients had elevated total cholesterol,60 patients had elevated LDL cholesterol,69 had hypertriglyceridemia and 30 had low HDL cholesterol. Clinically 81 patients had elevated systolic bp and 57 patients had elevated diastolic bp. Serum uric acid was elevated in 46 patients in our study with acute ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION: Serum Uric acid is an important risk factor for the onset of acute ischemic stroke independent of age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia. Of which most significant association was found with BMI, Total cholesterol, Serum triglycerides, LDL Cholesterol, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

NEW SEPARATION AXIOMS IN

In this paper, we represents few separation axioms ar

Rhodium(I) complexes of α-keto-stabilised 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)alkane mono ylides

Rhodium(I) complexes of the hybrid ylide-phosphine ligands, Ph2P(CH2) n PPh2(CHC(O)C6H5) (n = 1: dppm-yl, or 2: dppe-yl) have been synthesised from [Rh(μ-C1)(COD)]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and characterized by NMR spectroscopic and X-ray structural methods. The dppe-yl behaves as an ambidentate ligand; it functions as a monodentate P-donor ligand with a dangling ylidic carbon in the neutral chloro complex, [(COD)Rh(Cl)(dppe-yl)] (1), whereas replacement of the chloride by a non-coordinating counter anion results in the formation of the complexes, [(COD)Rh(L-L')]+ (L-L' = dppe-yl (2) or dppm-yl (3)) respectively in which the ligands are bonded to the metal via the phosphorus and the ylidic carbon atoms. The 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), present in the Rh(I) precursor, remains intact in the products. The structures of 1,2 and3 have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography

Methyl 2,2-bis­(2,4-dinitro­phen­yl)ethano­ate

In the title compound, C15H10N4O10, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 89.05 (16)°. One O atom of one of the nitro groups is disordered over two sites in a 0.70:0.30 ratio. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions

Analysis of Wheat Export Performance in India

Wheat is a plant which is valued highly for its kernel as an edible part and an important source of carbohydrates. India ranks second position in wheat production in the world with a contribution of roughly 13.53 per cent to global wheat output (Naga Latha et. al., 2022). The study analyses the export performance of wheat and examines the trends in the growth performance of wheat in terms of area, production and productivity, export quantity and export value during 1973-2022 which is a period of 50 years. The analysis reveals that the highest compound growth rate in terms of area was 1.16 per cent, production was 4.49 per cent and productivity was 3.29 per cent respectively. The results of the study on the compound growth rates during the study periods have shown positive and increasing value which indicates high potential for the export of wheat from India. In the analysis of instability, there exists a high positive correlation between the export quantity and value of export in the overall period. Wheat area, production and productivity exhibit higher variability and instability in the overall period. Period II shows lower variability and instability, indicating increased stability. Period I exhibits moderate variability and instability. The overall period has the highest instability, suggesting unpredictable production. Instability indices show high instability at 126.97 per cent in Period I and 138.18 per cent overall, while Period II exhibits moderate instability at 101.94 per cent. Market volatility, trade policies, economic fluctuations, weather patterns and production variability contribute to these fluctuations. As of trend analysis, there is a positive and significant increase. The NPC value of wheat during the overall period was 0.051, it indicates that the commodity is not protected. NPC<1 indicates that the commodity is exportable and possesses export competitiveness and hence the hypothesis i.e. Indian wheat has better competitiveness in the International market

On the Practical Limitations for the Generation of Gunn Oscillations in Highly Doped GaN Diodes

Planar Gunn diodes based on doped GaN active layers with different geometries have been fabricated and characterized. Gunn oscillations have not been observed due to the catastrophic breakdown of the diodes for applied voltages around 20-25 V, much below the bias theoretically needed for the onset of Gunn oscillations. The breakdown of the diodes has been analyzed by pulsed I-V measurements at low temperature, and it has been observed to be almost independent of the geometry of the channels, thus allowing to discard self-heating effects as the origin of the device burning. The other possible mechanism for the device failure is impact-ionization avalanche due to the high electric fields present at the anode corner of the isolating trenches. However, Monte Carlo simulations using the typical value of the intervalley energy separation of GaN, ε_(1-2)=2.2 eV, show that impact ionization mechanisms are not significant for the voltages for which the experimental failure is observed. But recent experiments showed that ε_(1-2) is lower, around 0.9 eV. This lower intervalley separation leads to a much lower threshold voltage for the Gunn oscillations, not far from the experimental breakdown. Therefore, we attribute the devices failure to an avalanche process just when Gunn domains start to form, since they increase the population of electrons at the high electric field region, thus strongly enhancing impact ionization mechanisms which lead to the diode failure

Non-linear thermal resistance model for the simulation of high power GaN-based devices

[EN]We report on the modeling of self-heating in GaN-based devices. While a constant thermal resistance is able to account for the self-heating effects at low power, the decrease of the thermal conductance of semiconductors when the lattice temperature increases, makes necessary the use of temperature dependent thermal resistance models. Moreover, in order to correctly account for the steep increase of the thermal resistance of GaN devices at high temperature, where commonly used models fail, we propose a non-linear model which, included in an electro-thermal Monte Carlo simulator, is able to reproduce the strongly non-linear behavior of the thermal resistance observed in experiments at high DC power levels. The accuracy of the proposed non-linear thermal resistance model has been confirmed by means of the comparison with pulsed and DC measurements made in devices specifically fabricated on doped GaN, able to reach DC power levels above 150 W mm−1 at biases below 30 V.NRF2017-NRFANR003 GaNGUN project, the Spanish MINECO and FEDER through project TEC2017-83910-R and the Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER through project SA254P18