Comparative study in the management of Bacterial Vaginosis Metronidazole vs Lactobacillus.

INTRODUCTION : Bacterial vaginosis is due to imbalance in the normal bacterial flora of vagina. Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial syndrome involving the replacement of the normal vaginal lactobacillus by variety of anaerobic bacteriae and mycoplasmas. Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of vaginal discharge ( 48% ) in women with significant morbidity.1 If untreated , patients are more prone for ascending endometrial infections, preterm delivery and increased risk of acquisition of Herpes genitalis, Gonorrhoea and HIV infections. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and recurrences are common even in treated cases. Recurrence of the disease , unknown incubation period , adverse outcomes on pregnancy and complications like pelvic inflammatory disease necessitated the need to find an alternative drug , in this emerging antibiotic resistance period. In this background we planned to conduct this study to compare the efficacy of Metronidazole , the commonly used drug and Lactobacillus , a Probiotic alternative drug. AIM & OBJECTIVES : 1. To analyse the epidemiological pattern of the disease among the study population. 2. To compare the efficacy of metronidazole and lactobacillus in the management of bacterial vaginosis. 3 . To evaluate safety, adverse effects, compliance of metronidazole and lactobacillus. 4. To monitor the recurrence of Bacterial vaginosis following each therapeutic modality. CONCLUSION 1. Bacterial vaginosis was seen commonly in the age group of 24 – 40 years. * Menstrual cycle irregularities had no association with prevalence. BV was seen in both married and unmarried as well as those who never had sexual intercourse. But the incidence in unmarried & those who never had sexual intercourse is minimal. * The earlier age at marriage was directly proportionate to incidence of BV. * 77 %, Majority had mono partners, 17 % had multiple sexual partners and 6% denied sexual exposure. * The mode of delivery had no significant association. Number of deliveries was directly proportionate to acquisition of BV. * Moderate to profuse genital discharge was the commonest observed finding. * In saline mount 90 % showed clue cells positivity. Whiff test was positive in 80% , Vaginal pH was > 5 in all the patients

Removal of Phosphorous in Waste Water using Natural Coagulants

This study aims to explore the feasibility of employing natural coagulants like Cassia alata, Calotropis procera, Hyacinth bean, Banana leaves, Carica Papaya, Acacia mearnsii, Jatropha curcas cactus, tamarind seeds, and watermelon seeds for reducing the content of red phosphorus in industrial wastewater. A series of batch coagulation tests were performed to determine the optimal dosage of coagulants for the purpose of eliminating red phosphorus from the wastewater. The efficacy of each chosen coagulant in removing red phosphorus was depicted graphically. Among the various coagulants evaluated, Hyacinth bean exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing red phosphorus content (75%), surpassing the performance of casuarina leaves and banana leaves. On the other hand, tamarind seeds demonstrated the least effective removal of red phosphorus from the wastewater, achieving a removal rate of 56%. Notably, Hyacinth bean stands out as a potential coagulant for effective removal of red phosphorus, offering promising results akin to its capability in aiding blood clot clearance. By maintaining a pH level of 8 and employing a coagulant dosage of 20 ml, alongside initial and final red phosphorus concentrations of 4372.5 mg/lit and 1072.5 mg/lit respectively, with mixing and settling times of 30 and 45 minutes, the study achieved a significant percentage of red phosphorus removal efficiency

2-(2,4-Dichloro­phen­yl)-9-phenyl-2,3-di­hydro­thieno[3,2-b]quinoline

In the title compound, C23H15Cl2NS, the quinoline system is almost planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 (2) Å]. The phenyl group is disordered over two positions with site occupancies of 0.55 and 0.45, and is oriented in a nearly perpendicular configuration to the quinoline ring [the dihedral angles between the quinoline ring and the major and minor disordered components of the phenyl ring are 81.8 (2) and 71.6 (2)°, respectively]. The dihydro­thiene ring adopts an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the chloro­phenyl ring and the quinoline system is 79.32 (1)°. In the crystal weak C—H⋯π inter­actions occur

Chitra Banrjee Divakaruini’s “The Forest of Enchantments: Revisiting the Epic from Sita’s Prespective”

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s The Forest OF Enchantments is about the retelling of our ancient prestigious epic of Ramayan from Sita’s perspective. As an Indian diasporic writer Divakaruni has nostalgia about Indian culture and tradition. The word culture comprises of behaviours and institutions, for its attempts at retelling an ancient epic through the female’s perspective. This novel focuses on the self discovery of Sita who is a celebrated female character of ancient India. So, Divakaruni has changed her way of thinking from traditional portrayal of simple and selfless women into modern female characters who is searching for their identity in the patriarchal world