Assessing L2 vocabulary depth with word associates format tests: issues, findings, and suggestions

Word Associates Format (WAF) tests are often used to measure second language learners’ vocabulary depth with a focus on their network knowledge. Yet, there were often many variations in the specific forms of the tests and the ways they were used, which tended to have an impact on learners’ response behaviors and, more importantly, the psychometric properties of the tests. This paper reviews the general practices, key issues, and research findings that pertain to WAF tests in four major areas, including the design features of WAF tests, conditions for test administration, scoring methods, and test-taker characteristics. In each area, a set of variables is identified and described with relevant research findings also presented and discussed. Around eight topics, the General Discussion section provides some suggestions and directions for the development of WAF tests and the use of them as research tools in the future. This paper is hoped to help researchers become better aware that the results generated by a WAF test may vary depending on what specific design the test has, how it is administered and scored, and who the learners are, and consequently, make better decisions in their research that involves a WAF test

Documenting Miki Ligis as a local dish identity of the Municipality of Dumangas, Iloilo

Full text availableThis study was conducted to document the traditional dish known as Miki Ligis. which is a culinary staple in Dumangas. Iloilo. Utilizing a qualitative design methodology, this research aimed to capture the cultural and historical significance of Miki Ligis through the perspectives of the local residents. The respondents of this study were long-term inhabitants of Dumangas. Iloilo, who have an intimate knowledge of the dish. A meticulously crafted questionnaire by the researcher served as the primary tool for data collection, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the respondents' insights and experience. The findings of the study underscored the deep-rooted familiarity and affection that the locals have for Miki Ligis, tracing back to their childhoods. During face-to-face interviews, participants revealed that the recipe and cooking techniques have been preserved and transmitted across three generations. Over time, these methods have evolved, incorporating new ingredients and refining the dish, which has enhanced its flavor and appeal. This continuous development has solidified Miki Ligi's status as a cherished local delicacy, fostering a strong sense of identity and cultural pride among the people of Dumangas. The research highlights how Miki Ligis is not merely a dish but a symbol of the community’s heritage and resourcefulness. It has become an integral part of their cultural expression, contributing to the community’s unity and pride. The residents' commitment to preserving and celebrating Miki Ligis illustrates their profound connection to their cultural roots and natural resources, emphasizing the dish's role in their collective identity.Bachelor of Science in Tourism Managemen