Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India

The annual reproductive cycle of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera was studied in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2000 to October 2001, by macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonad tubule, gonad index and histology of gametogenic stages, to determine the spawning pattern. The gonad consists of long tubules with uniform development. It does not confirm the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. The maximum percentage of mature animals, gonad and fecundity indices, tubule length and diameter, with the observations on gonad histology, ascertained that H. spinifera had the peak gametogenic activity during September and October 2001 followed by a prolonged spawning period from November 2000–March 2001

Growth of the hatchery-produced juveniles of commercial sea cucumber Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera Theel

The present study was conducted to develop the hatchery technology for seed production of the widely exploited commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel 1886, to facilitate an e¡ective stock enhancement programme. Broodstock collected by skin divers were used for spawning trials. The embryonic and larval stages were similar to other aspidochirotes. The larval survival rate was 43.5% on day 9, which decreased to 18.3% nearing metamorphosis on day 13, the growth rate was 48 mmday_1and the settlement ratewas 3.5%. Algamacs used to induce settlement also served as the food source for the early settled juveniles, followed by Sargassum spp. extract (o40 mm) for the ¢rst month. Sargassum spp. powder along with ¢ne sand (1:1)was givento juveniles420mm. Addition of Spirulina spp. along with Sargassum spp. powder and ¢ne sand (0.5:1:2) enhanced the growth rate of the juveniles. In the hatchery, the juveniles attained an average size of 1, 30 and 48 on 20, 80 and 120 days respectivel

केंद्रीय समुद्री मात्स्यिकी अनुसंधान संस्थान का मंगलूर अनुसंधान केंद्र

केंद्रीय समुद्री मात्स्यिकी अनुसंधान संस्थान का मंगलूर अनुसंधान केंद्

Oyster farming

Large quantities of the edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Fig. 1) growing wildly in most of the tidal creeks and estuarine regions along the east coast of India, are allowed to perish un-exploring the great strides made in this venture by developed nations. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute focused its attention in developing systems for the culture of edible bivalves, identifying edible oyster farming and mussel farming as priority areas for Research and Development. Evaluation of the resources potential, identification of suitable water spread and areas for culture, evolving proper techniques to collect required seed for farming, introducing an appropriate method of farming and establishing a model farm formed the broad objectives of the project initiated in 1975 on edible oyster culture. By employing suitable method for spat collection and providing better growing conditions for the seed so collected it appeared distinctly possible to raise large number of oysters achieving faster growth rate and better meat yield. Weighing the pros and cons of the different systems of oyster culture followed in other countries and bearing in mind the local conditions, it was decided to experiment with the 'rack' system of culture

Effects of temperature, salinity and pH on larval growth, survival and development of the sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel

For large-scale seed production of sea cucumbers through a hatchery system, it is imperative to know the effects of environmental parameters on larval rearing. Auricularia larvae (48 h post-fertilization) were obtained from induced spawning of Holothuria spinifera and used in experiments to ascertain the effects of temperature, salinity and pH on the growth and survivorship of the larvae. The larvae were reared for 12 days at temperatures of 20, 25, 28 and 32 °C; salinities of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ppt; and pH of 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 7.8, 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0. The highest survivorship and growth rate and fastest development of auricularia indicated that water temperature of 28–32 °C, salinity of 35 ppt and pH of 7.8 were the most suitable conditions for rearing larvae of H. spinifera

Drift gill net fishery along Mangalore-Malpe coast

Drift gill net is the major gear used in Mangalore- Malpe area to catch large pelagic fishes. Though the catch by drift-gill net forms only 1% of the toala marine fish catch, the value of the quality fishes it lands exceeds the value of other gears. this gear plays a pivotal roal in the economy of indigenious fisheries sector. the article deals with operation details of drift gill net, catch composition of major fishes and economic status of fishes due to this drift gill net

Hubungan Karakteristik, Hiperglikemi, dan Kerusakan Saraf Pasien Neuropati Diabetik di RSMH Palembang Periode 1 Januari 2013 Sampai dengan 30 November 2014

Neuropati diabetik merupakan komplikasi tersering dari penyakit diabetik. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi timbulnya neuropati diabetik adalah lamanya menderita DM, pertambahan usia, jenis kelamin, dan hiperglikemi. Kerusakan saraf pada neuropati diabetik dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksaan ENMG. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik, hiperglikemi, dan kerusakan saraf pada pasien neuropati diabetik berdasarkan pemeriksaan ENMG. Metode penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Sebanyak 63 sampel diambil dari rekam medis dan hasil pemeriksaan ENMG pasien neuropati diabetik di RSMH Palembang periode tahun 2013-2014. Hasil didapatkan penderita neuropati diabetik perempuan 32 orang (50,8%), laki-laki 31 orang (49,2%), usia <55 tahun 25 orang (39,7%), usia >55 tahun 38 orang (60,3%), lama menderita DM <5 tahun 13 orang (20,63%), lama menderita DM >5 tahun 50 orang (79,37%), kadar HbA1C <8 31 orang (49,21), dan kadar HbA1C >8 32 orang (50,79%). Kerusakan saraf tipe axonal-demyelinating 44 orang (69,8%) dan tipe demyelinating 19 orang (30,2%). Tidak ada hubungan antara usia dan kerusakan saraf (p=0,796). Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan kerusakan saraf (p=0,066). Tidak ada hubungan antara lama menderita DM dan kerusakan saraf (p=0,169). Ada hubungan antara kadar HbA1C dan kerusakan saraf (p=0,045; OR 3,13; CI95% 1,002-9,774). Kesimpulan didapatkan tidak ada hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, lamanya menderita DM dan kerusakan saraf. Ada hubungan hiperglikemi dan kerusakan saraf

Perancangan Standard Operating Procedures dan Work Instruction pada Aktivitas Produksi Area 1 PT Ebako Nusantara Semarang

Standardization of quality control system has become a major issue in the face of global challenges. One part of quality control system is to create a quality control with quality documentation. PT Ebako Nusantara is a company that engaged in manufacture of high-end furniture that produce garden furniture and indoor furniture which market their products in eksport area. At production division, PT Ebako Nusantara is divided into two areas, first area is wood processing to-be a semi-product and second area is finishing and delivery process. Based on these impact shows how important application of standardization in operation production process, for it is necessary to build a quality management system in the form of a clear quality documentation in veneer department of PT Ebako Nusantara. Main goal of this research based on company needs in quality documentation, it is done with system improment through the design of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and Work Instruction (WI). Quality documentation developed through observation and interviews with relevant stakeholder of PT Ebako Nusantara. Apart of the process is carried out also identifying company business process. Result of this research are 1 quality manual, 7 SOP, and 9 WI at first floor of production level. SOP has been verified by management of PT Ebako Nusantara. Improvement of defect form for each sub-department and implementation of control document are proposed as improvements to production process of PT Ebako Nusantara

Exploited seerfish fishery resources of India - A review

Seerfishes forming 1.7 % of the total marine Jish catch of the country are considered as one of the high value resources Andhra Pradesh (14.3%) and Tami Nadu (11.5%) on the east coast and Gujarat (22.8%). Maharashtra (16.9%) and Kerala (16.1%) on the west coast are the principal contributors of seerfish. They are caught mainly in gillnet (65.12%) and hook & line (6.96%) from 25-50 m depth zone and. in trawl (11.47%) operated from beyond 50 m depth. Of the five species available in Indian waters, the fishery is sustained by the king seer Scomberomorus commerson and the spotted seer S.guttatus. The stock assessment studies on the king seer revealed that the present yield in different regions of the country are closer to MSY. However there is scope for stepping up production by extending fishing operations to the deeper waters beyond 50 m depth. The paper reviews their fishery, biology and stock characteristics in Indian waters

Mussel culture in mulky estuary, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka during 1997-'99

During 1997-'98 seasons, the mussel culture activities were carried out at Mulky estuary with the active participation of local fishermen and the growth rate was studied. Culture work was continued at two places in Mulky estuary during 1998-'99 seasons. The growth rate of mussels in Chitrapu area was higher than that observed in Mulky area. During 1998-'99 seasons, the meat content of the harvested mussel was low as they had spawned before the harvest. The culture works carried out at Mulky estuary reveal that mussel culture can be profitabily done during October-May months in Mulky estuary. The fishermen group can take up the culture activities as a part-time venture as the culture involves minimum labour only during the initial period and thereafter it needs little husbandry work. There is good demand for mussels in monsoon months when supply of marine fish is less due to ban on mechanized fishing. Mussels harvested in May can be processed and marketed for sale during the lean season, for which infrastructural facilities have to be developed. Once the marketing infrastructure is developed mussel culture activities can be taken up by more fishermen group in a profitable manner