A SIMPLE AND RUGGED BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BRIVUDINE IN HUMAN PLASMA BY USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: The current research work focus to simple and rugged bioanalytical method development and validation of brivudine in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The analyte (Brivudine) and internal standard (Sofosbuvir) were extracted using the Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) technique. The chromatographic separation was accomplished by using Zorbax eclipse XDB-C18 Column (150×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisted of Methanol: 0.5% Ortho-phosphoric acid (65:35%, v/v) respectively, at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The developed method was validated by performing system suitability, carryover effect, linearity, selectivity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, ruggedness, and stability studies. The method was validated as per USFDA guidelines. Results: The selected chromatographic condition was found to efficiently separated brivudine (RT-3.55 min) and ISTD (RT-7.87 min). The assay demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 85.205 to 4500.246 ng/ml for brivudine in human plasma with r2>0.99. Demonstrated the lowest limit of detection at 85.205 ng/ml. This method established an intra-run and inter-run precision within the range of 2.99-6.31%CV and 3.67-5.80%CV, respectively. Additional intra-run and inter-run accuracy were within the range of 97.55-105.37% and 99.27-102.15%, respectively. The mean percentage recovery of brivudine and ISTD studies proved good extraction efficiency and the robustness was also evaluated. Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise, linear and rugged RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of brivudine in human plasma with K2EDTA anticoagulant and suitable for conducting BA/BE and TDM

Celebrity Effect on Brand Positioning: A Study With Reference to Female Personal Care Products

India is a developing country that is flooded with different brands. With too many products floodingthe market, companies find it difficult to differentiate their products based on their inherent productfeatures. In fact, advertising is an effective marketing tool available to marketers to create andpromote awareness for their products. To make the advertisement more attractive and avoid themedia clutter, companies use celebrities to endorse their products. The demand for instant recall,brand awareness, and emotional bonding with customers has made celebrity endorsements the latesttrend. Celebrities add new dimensions to a brand. As a result of the increase in celebrityadvertisements in various media, India has become a celebrity-obsessed society.The majority of celebrity endorsement research has focused on the effectiveness and selection ofcelebrity endorsers. This research paper studied the effect of celebrity endorsements on the brandpositioning of select female personal care products through television advertisements. The Indianscenario was suitable to study the effect of celebrity endorsements on brands and the ultimatedecision of consumers to buy particular brands

BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF SWERTIAMARIN, A SECOIRIDOID GLYCOSIDE OF ENICOSTEMMA LITTORALE LEAVES, STUDIED IN HIGH-FAT DIET–FED LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside present in the leaves of Enicostemma littorale, is reported to be responsible for its pharmacological and beneficial properties. The present study was aimed to biochemically evaluate the antidiabetic properties of Swertiamarin in high fat diet fed - low dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats.Methods: High-fat diet-fed low-dose STZ was used to induce experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were orally treated with swertiamarin (50 mg/kg b.w./rat/day) for 30 days. The physiological criterions such as food and fluid intake were recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were estimated. The activities of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in the liver and kidney tissues were assayed. The glycogen content in liver tissue was estimated.Result: Oral administration of swertiamarin to diabetic rats established a significant decline in the levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c as well as HOMA-IR values and an increase in plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels. The altered activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were restored to near normalcy by swertiamarin treatment.Conclusion: Swertiamarin treatment maintains normoglycemia in diabetic rats by modulating the activities of key carbohydrate and glycogen metabolizing enzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues

Correlation of BMI and Blood Pressure with Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) in Adults

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an emerging major health problem in India. Obesity is also a main risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It can be assessed by the body mass index(BMI). Part of the systemic inflammation, adipose tissue-derived inflammatory factors impinge on vascular cells to promote atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in arterial wall is also initiated by fat retention, oxidation, and modification resulting in intima-media thickening (IMT). Hypertension,a risk factor for development of atherosclerosis, involves elastic arteries like carotid, aorta, and iliac arteries. Extra cranial carotid arteries (CCA, ICA) are chosen for IMT assessment because of their easy accessibility. Few Indian studies are available to correlate these atherosclerotic changes occurring in the vascular system with the body mass index and blood pressure. Hence this study is undertaken. This Study Aimed To Examine The Correlation between Body Mass Index (Bmi) And Blood Pressure With Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (Imt). METHODOLOGY: It is a hospital based, cross sectional study involving 100 adult subjects, aged 30-60 years of both the sex, attending the NCD outpatient department of TVMCH. IEC clearance and informed written consent obtained from the subjects before inclusion. Height, weight, BMI measured and BP recorded. IMT of the extracranial carotid arteries was measured by ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 22 and P value < .05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 100 subjects (41males, 59females) between 31–60 years were included in the study. Mean age(46.23±8.56)years. Mean BMI (26.53±4.03). Mean SBP (136.76 + 7.17)mmHg and Mean DBP (88.46 +6.32) mmHg. Mean CIMT (0.77 +.16)mm. Pearson correlation analysis with CIMT shows Age (r value–0.80, P value - < 0.001), Gender (r - 0.12, P < 0.001), BMI (r- 0.418, P < 0.001), SBP (r – 0.419, P < 0.001) and DBP (r– 0.473, P < 0.001) have statistically significant positive correlation. CONCLUSION: From this study we conclude that Age, obesity, Hypertension were found to have an impact on carotid IMT, which is a strong marker for the early development of atherosclerosis

BIOANALYSIS METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SMALL MOLECULES IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A BIOANALYST REVIEW POINT

The focus of bioanalysis employed for the quantitative determination of an active analyte(s) and their metabolite(s) in the biological matrix such as plasma, serum, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues. The extraction of analyte and metabolite in the biological fluids is carried out using different separation methods such as protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. Bioanalytical method development and validation in the pharmaceutical industry are to provide an assessment and interpretation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicokinetics, bioavailability/bioequivalence, and therapeutic drug monitoring relationships. This review paper aims to provide a simple and accurate scientific background to improve the quality for development and validation of a bioanalytical method for small molecules with industrial technique as per regulatory agency requirements (United States Food and Drug Administration, EMEA, International Council for Harmonisation and ANVISA)

An enhanced kernel weighted collaborative recommended system to alleviate sparsity

User Reviews in the form of ratings giving an opportunity to judge the user interest on the available products and providing a chance to recommend new similar items to the customers. Personalized recommender techniques placing vital role in this grown ecommerce century to predict the users’ interest. Collaborative Filtering (CF) system is one of the widely used democratic recommender system where it completely rely on user ratings to provide recommendations for the users.  In this paper, an enhanced Collaborative Filtering system is proposed using Kernel Weighted K-means Clustering (KWKC) approach using Radial basis Functions (RBF) for eliminate the Sparsity problem where lack of rating is the challenge of providing the accurate recommendation to the user.  The proposed system having two phases of state transitions: Connected and Disconnected. During Connected state the form of transition will be ‘Recommended mode’ where the active user be given with the Predicted-recommended items. In Disconnected State the form of transition will be ‘Learning mode’ where the hybrid learning approach and user clusters will be used to define the similar user models. Disconnected State activities will be performed in hidden layer of RBF and Connected Sate activities will be performed in output Layer. Input Layer of RBF using original user Ratings. The proposed KWKC used to smoothen the sparse original rating matrix and define the similar user clusters. A benchmark comparative study also made with classical learning and prediction techniques in terms of accuracy and computational time. Experiential setup is made using MovieLens dataset

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RUELLIA PATULA USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY‑MASS SPECTROMETRY

ABSTRACTObjective: Ruellia patula (Jacq.) a medicinally important plant belongs to the family Acanthaceae. Traditionally, the leaves are used in the treatment ofmany diseases such as insect bites, itches, eye diseases, and skin problems. In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioactivecompounds by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectroscopy (MS) techniques.Methods: The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of R. patula leaves were investigated using Perkin–Elmer GC‑MS.Result: In the GC‑MS analysis of ethanol extract of R. patula L. reported the presence of 15 compounds. The major compound constituents are 3, 7, 11,15‑tetramethyl‑2‑hexadecen‑1‑ol (28.75%), and α‑sitosterol (14.35%).Conclusion: Identification of these compounds can help in the development of new drugs.Keywords: Ruellia patula, Ethanol extract, Phytochemical compounds, gas chromatography‑mass spectroscopy analysis, Biological activity ofphyto‑components

Securing Heterogeneous Privacy Protection in Social Network Records based Encryption Scheme

This survey places of interest the major issues concerning privacy and security in online social networks. Firstly, we discuss investigate that aims to protect user data from the an assortment of attack vantage points together with other users, advertisers, third party request developers, and the online social arrangement provider itself. Next we cover social network supposition of user attributes, locate hubs, and link prediction. Because online social networks are so saturated with sensitive information, network inference plays a major privacy role. Social Networking sites go upwards since of all these reasons. In recent years indicates that for many people they are now the mainstream communication knowledge. Social networking sites come under few of the most frequently browsed categories websites in the world. Nevertheless Social Networking sites are also vulnerable to various problems threats and attacks such as revelation of information, identity thefts etc. Privacy practice in social networking sites often appear convoluted as in sequence sharing stands in discord with the need to reduce disclosure-related abuses. Facebook is one such most popular and widely used Social Networking sites which have its own healthy set of Privacy policy

IoT–smart contracts in data trusted exchange supplied chain based on block chain

Internet of Things (IoT) assumes a critical part in the advancement of different fields. The IoT data trusted exchange in recent year extend of uses influence an awesome request and increasing scale. In such a platform, exchange the data sets that they require and specialist organization can search. However, the enough trust as the third-party mediators for data exchange in centralized infrastructure cannot provide. This paper proposes a blockchain for IoT data trusted exchange based on decentralized solution. In particular, the fundamental standards of blockchain in verify manner, individuals can communicate with each other without a confided in mediator intermediary. Blockchain enable us to have a distributed, digital ledger. IoT (Internet of Things) sensor devices (zigbee) utilizing blockchain technology to assert public availability of temperature records, tracking location shipment, humidity, preventing damage, data immutability. The sensor devices looking the temperature, location, damage of each parcel during the shipment to completely guarantee directions. In blockchain all data is got moved from one position to another, where a smart contract assesses against the product attributes. Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts atlast it gets through knowledge a design to be copied and presents its decentralized distributed digital ledger, auditable, transparent, features visually