Wheat flour, an inexpensive medium for in vitro cultivation of coprophilous fungus Coprinopsis cinerea

Coprinopsis cinerea, a coprophilous basidiomycetous fungus generally called as inky cap mushroom is used as a model organism to study the evolution of fruiting bodies in higher fungi. Herbivorous animal dung is a major source of Coprinopsis cinerea, as it contains high carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus elements. Due to the extensive application of Coprinopsis cinerea in Genetics, Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology it is necessary to explore a suitable inexpensive medium for its in vitro cultivation. In our present study, we found that 2 wheat flour medium supported the vegetative growth and induced the fruiting body formation within 10 days at 30°C, pH 6 under dark compared to malt extract amended media. The number of fruiting bodies and biomass of fruiting bodies were also found higher in wheat flour medium compared to other media tested with similar cultural conditions. © Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

A Mathematical Model for the Release of Vasopressin using Fuzzy Step-Stress Approach

The theoretical study was to investigate the release of the hormones Vasopressin and Oxytocin from explants of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system (HNS). A mathematical model using fuzzy constant step –stress approach was developed and used this model to calculate the mean values of the release of Vasopressin and Oxytocin. The result shows that a synergistic effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation of Vasopressin and Oxytocin. Keywords: Fuzzy step-stress mean value, Vasopressin, oxytocin 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 97Mxx, 93A30, 60A8

Green and Sustainability in Software Development Lifecycle Process

This chapter gives an insight of GREENSOFT Model for sustainable software engineering. In today’s world, computing devices are extensively by all for many purposes. They consume lots of energy even though they reduce energy consumption. Computers are used extensively while developing software. Existing software engineering models do not pay much attention to green computing that focuses on the effective use of natural resources. Sustainability of resources is the key. The GREENSOFT model of software engineering proposes a methodology in which Green IT practices are used, which will reduce the energy consumption of computers while developing software

POOL BOILING OF WATER OVER A STAINLESS STEEL FLAT PLATE HEATER

The purpose of this experiment is to study heat transfer characteristics of water through pool boiling over a flat stainless steel plate heater. The present experimental data of water is in good agreement with Stephen and Abdelsalam correlation (1980) with the given heat flux range 30-750 kW/m2. Without any modification in the Stephen and Abdelsalam correlation (1980), it is observed that the experimental data of water are within an error band of ± 20 percent, this is because of the Stephen and Abdelsalam correlation (1980) predicts their own data in an error band of 11.3 percent. In order to minimize the error band, the pool boiling experimental data of water have been analyzed by regression analysis using Stephen and Abdelsalam correlation (1980) and the powers and coefficient of the terms in the correlation are modified and the optimum values of the power index and coefficient which gives the minimum error band of ± 10 is obtained

Introducing Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen as War Poets: Interpretation on Expressions

Cohen and Dylan are the world wide famous singers but many have forgotten the literature that could be taught using their songs. This research article is scripted with the objective of exploring the qualities of war poets in the everlasting duo of Cohen and Dylan.  This research article also aims to exhibit the emotions expressed through the select songs of the stalwarts Cohen and Dylan. Attempts are made to probe into a few historical back ground like the World Wars to justify and to substantiate the statements mentioned. Analyses of the select songs are done based on a few characteristics of war poets and poetry.  Thus, this research critique is an effort to explain the importance of teaching the works of such singers, lyricist and poets in literature classroom to give a better understanding of those unforgotten lessons of the past.&nbsp

Structural and properties of Zn-Al2O3-SiC nano-composite coatings by direct electrolytic process

In this paper, Zn-SiC and Zn-Al2O3-SiC composite coating were fabricated by electrodeposition technique from sulfates bath. The resulting composite coating was carried out by adding Al2O3/SiC particulate to a zinc-containing bath. The properties of the composite coating were investigated by SEM equipped with EDS, XRD, and AFM. The electrochemical behavior of the coating alloy was evaluated in 3.65 % NaCl with linear polarization technique and mechanically examined by durascan microhardness tester. The morphology of the thermal treated coatings at 400 °C in 6 h was viewed with high optical microscope (OPM). The results show hardness, thermal stability, and anti-corrosion properties of Zn-Al2O3-SiC were improved significantly as against Zn- SiC coating matrixes. This was attributed to dispersive strengthening effect and grain induced effort of Al2O3/SiC particulate. The decrease in corrosion and thermal stability at 15 g/L of SiC concentration may be as a result of agglomeration and the superimposed particle in the plating bath

Constraints and Suggestions of Beneficiary and Non-beneficiary of Farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana in Kolar District of Karnataka

India is one of the most climate-prone countries in the world. In the last decade, India has suffered crop losses almost every year either due to floods or drought or frost/extreme temperatures. Agriculture is the mainstay of the rural economy in India and is largely carried out by small and marginal farmers who have poor access to credit, high dependence on rainfall and majority of whom practice subsistence farming. Despite the efforts to revise the insurance scheme features under PMFBY, there are reported issues on enrollment, claim and settlement and even discontinuity. Hence it is essential to analyze the constraints and suggestions of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of PMFBY scheme. Hence, the study was conducted in Kolar district of Karnataka state during the year 2021-2022. All the five taluks of Kolar district were selected for the study. From each of the taluk 30 PMFBY beneficiaries and 10 non – beneficiaries were identified for the collection of data by using a simple random sampling method. Thus, the total sample was consisted of 150 beneficiaries and 50 non – beneficiaries. The results revealed that the constraints faced by the beneficiary with respect to availing benefits from PMFBY were, ‘delay in getting the claims under PMFBY’, ‘inadequate compensation under PMFBY’, ‘officials bias in loss assessment making’ and ‘insurance company do not give any reason about why eligible farmers did not receive insurance amount’ were accorded I, II and III ranks, respectively. When it comes to PMFBY non-beneficiaries, were not availing benefits of the scheme due to: ‘lack of documents in the name of the cultivar’ (I rank), ‘lack of awareness about the PMFBY’ (II rank) and ‘requires multiple visit to the department from enrollment to claim’ (III rank). Major suggestions expressed by the beneficiaries for improving PMFBY scheme are: ‘strict measures to timely payment of insurance amount’, ‘reduction on premium amount for horticulture crops’ and ‘claim disbursement before starting of the next season’ were accorded I, II and III ranks, respectively. In respect to suggestion’s expressed by non-beneficiaries for improving PMFBY scheme were: ‘creating awareness about PMFBY scheme’ (I rank), ‘creating facilitation on PMFBY scheme by giving training to the farmers’ (II rank) and ‘submission of appropriate documents to agriculture department’ (III rank)

Economic sustainability and energy efficiency of irrigated urdbean [Vigna mungo] under different sowing methods and weed management practices

A field experiment was conducted at the Pulse Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, during the summer season of 2024 to evaluate the energetics and economic viability of summer irrigated urdbean (Vigna mungo) under different sowing and weed management methods. A split-plot design was employed and treatments were replicated thrice. The results indicated that sowing in Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed (FIRB) and weed management through pre-emergence application of herbicides, followed by mechanical weeding (baby weeder) at 20 days after sowing (DAS), produced the highest yields of 833 kg/ha and 850 kg/ha, respectively. In terms of energy productivity, sowing in FIRB with the weed-free plot achieved 0.63 kg/MJ, followed by the same method of planting with the pre-emergence application of herbicides followed by one-hand weeding at 20 DAS (0.57 kg/MJ). A similar trend was observed in energy use efficiency, with values of 9.22 and 8.35, respectively. Economically, urdbean sowing by seed drill and pre-emergence application of herbicides followed by mechanical weeding at 20 DAS resulted in the highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.01, followed by the sowing in FIRB with the pre-emergence application of herbicides followed by mechanical weeding at 20 DAS. Hence, the study concluded that sowing in furrow irrigated raised beds with weed management through hand weeding and mechanical weeding at 20 DAS provides higher energy use efficiency and economic sustainability

An automated speech recognition and feature selection approach based on improved Northern Goshawk optimization

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) approach is dependent on optimal speech feature extraction, which attempts to get a parametric depiction of an input speech signal. Feature extraction (FE) strategy combined with a feature selection (FS) approach should capture the most important features of the signal while discarding the rest. FS is a crucial process that can affect the pattern classification and recognition system's performance. In this research, we introduce a hybrid supervised learning using metaheuristic technique for optimum FE and FS termed Northern Goshawk optimization (NGO) and opposition-based learning (OBL). Pre-processing, feature extraction and selection, and recognition are the three steps of the proposed technique. The pre-processing is done first to lessen the amount of noise. In the FE stage, we extract features. The OBL-NGO method is used to pick the best collection of extracted characteristics. Finally, these optimised features are utilised to train the k-nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier, and the matching text is shown as the output based on these optimised characteristics of the provided input audio signal. The system's performance is outstanding, and the suggested OBL-NGO is best suited for ASR, according to the testing data